. The launderer. A practical treatise on the management and the operation of a steam laundry . and Mississippi Rivers for their ever is the water from these rivers clear. Thereis usually present what is known as red clay or alumi-niferous earth. This substance is very readily takenup by water and puts it in that condition whichis commonly called rily. To use this water success-fully this substance must be gotten rid of, and the onlyplan by which this may be accomplished is by filtering. The principle of filtering consists in passing thewater Which is charged with foreign substanc
. The launderer. A practical treatise on the management and the operation of a steam laundry . and Mississippi Rivers for their ever is the water from these rivers clear. Thereis usually present what is known as red clay or alumi-niferous earth. This substance is very readily takenup by water and puts it in that condition whichis commonly called rily. To use this water success-fully this substance must be gotten rid of, and the onlyplan by which this may be accomplished is by filtering. The principle of filtering consists in passing thewater Which is charged with foreign substance througha material which has sharp angles or corners that willcatch and hold the foreign substances, allowing thewater to pass through and come out clear and freefrom dirt. The usual plan in filtering consists in hav- — 218 — ing a bed of finely ground quartz or sand through whichthe water passes. This will relieve the water of allparticles down to a very minute size. But as thisforeign substance is not of a uniform size there arecertain small particles which will escape through this. Fig. 72. NEW^ YORK FILTER. (New York Continentaljewel Filtration Co.) filtering bed, and pass out with the water, leaving thewater stitl impure. In order to thoroughly eradicatethis trouble a coagulant is required. A coagulant is a substance which binds together thenumerous finer particles of the foreign substances, mak-ing a body sufficiently large to be caught by the jaggededges of the filtering quartz. It curdles the matter inthe water and the quartz catches the curdled particles,leaving the water pass through clear. The usual coagu- — 219 — lant is alum. This acts on the imj)urities in the waterin the same manner as the white of an egg does oncoffee. The amount of alum required is usually about one-half a grain to a gallon of water. Almost all of ourmodern filters are provided with means of automaticallyfeeding alum solution into the water while it is beingfiltered. There is no object
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