. Applied bacteriology for nurses. loy antimeningococcusserum in cases of meningitis produced by germs otherthan the meningococcus. It is important, therefore,before employing the serum to make sure that the 116 APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY FOR NURSES case is really one of meningococcus meningitis. This,as already stated, is done by means of lumbar fluid thus obtained is centrifuged, the sedimentspread on a slide, dried, fixed, and then stained ac-cording to Grams method. In case of meningococcusmeningitis Gram-negative diplococci will be foundmostly in the interior of pus cells. (See Fig
. Applied bacteriology for nurses. loy antimeningococcusserum in cases of meningitis produced by germs otherthan the meningococcus. It is important, therefore,before employing the serum to make sure that the 116 APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY FOR NURSES case is really one of meningococcus meningitis. This,as already stated, is done by means of lumbar fluid thus obtained is centrifuged, the sedimentspread on a slide, dried, fixed, and then stained ac-cording to Grams method. In case of meningococcusmeningitis Gram-negative diplococci will be foundmostly in the interior of pus cells. (See Fig. 36,page 115.) If the organisms are Gram-positive the caseis not one of meningococcus meningitis. CHAPTER XXI THE GONOCOCCUS The micrococcus of gonorrhea was discovered byNeisser in 1879. It is a small coccus, occurring in pairs(diplococcus). The two organisms which form the pairare flattened on their adjacent sides, which gives to theorganism somewhat the appearance of a coffee stained by Grams method the gonococcus is. Fig. 37.—Gonococci in urethral pus (McFarland). decolorized, i. e., it is Gram-negative. It can onlywith difficulty be grown on artificial media, but thrivesfairly well on glucose agar to which either blood orascitic fluid has been added. Quick drying destroys it,and it cannot resist a temperature of 45° C. more than afew minutes. But in thick smears, on linen, etc., ithas been found alive after a lapse of seven weeks. 117 118 APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY FOR NURSES The gonococcus is the cause of various severe purulentinflammations, among which the most important aregonorrheal urethritis and vaginitis and gonorrhealophthalmia, as well as chronic joint affections andchronic endocarditis. In adults ophthalmia is usuallydue to an indirect infection, through soiled towels, etc.,but in newborn babies it is caused by direct inoculationwith gonococci found in the vaginal discharge of themother. As a prophylactic measure the use of a 2 percent, solution of silve
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