A practical handbook on the distillation of alcohol from farm products, including the processes of malting : mashing and mascerating : fermenting and distilling alcohol from grain, beets, potatoes, molasses, etc., with chapters of alcoholometry and the denaturing of alcohol ... . arge distilleries or rectification plants,the division of the several products composingthe phlegm or raw spirit is made at one time andcontinuously on the principle now to be described. It was stated in the beginning of this chapterthat the various impurities in alcohol, the ethers,the water and the fusel oils, have
A practical handbook on the distillation of alcohol from farm products, including the processes of malting : mashing and mascerating : fermenting and distilling alcohol from grain, beets, potatoes, molasses, etc., with chapters of alcoholometry and the denaturing of alcohol ... . arge distilleries or rectification plants,the division of the several products composingthe phlegm or raw spirit is made at one time andcontinuously on the principle now to be described. It was stated in the beginning of this chapterthat the various impurities in alcohol, the ethers,the water and the fusel oils, have each their ownvaporizing point and each their own condensingpoint. As this is so, they may be separated fromeach other and from the alcohol on the same prin-ciple as we have seen that water is separated fromthe mixture of pure alcohol and water; that is. by RECTIFICATION. 91 fractionation, as it is termed, or by sifting out one body from another. Thus in fractional distillation, each condenseror retort in the apparatus shown in Fig. 37, aboveacts as a sieve or trap, letting pass the mostvolatile substances but retaining those of a lessdegree of volatility. By passing the mixed vaj)ortogether through a good condensing medium thetemperature of which is lower than the boiUng. Fig. 37.—Fractional Distilling Apparatus. point of the less volatile, but not so low as theboiling point of the more volatile the vapors of theless volatile liquid will be condensed, while themore volatile will retain their gaseous by having a number of condensing mediumseach one slightly lower in temperature than theother, the various vapors with their various pointsof volatilization will be successively condensed,allowing the passage of the more volatile vaporsover to the condenser bevond. 92 DISTILLATION OF ALCOHOL. If we had mixed gravel and sand and desiredto separate the gravel into assorted sizes and getthe sand by itself, we would pass the mass througha series of sieves of gradually smalle
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