. Clinical gyncology, medical and surgical. gnbodies are removed from the bladder by this method can be demonstratedby dropping a pledget of cotton into the bladder. It can be seen with theutmost ease, picked up, and removed without difficulty. The posterior wall of the air-distended bladder lies two to five centi-metres distant from the anterior wall, and over this white background whichpresents itself to the eye of the observer is visible a beautiful net-work of 848 DISEASES OF THE URETHRA, BLADDER, AND URETERS. brandling and anastomosing vessels. The veins accompanying the arteriesare easil
. Clinical gyncology, medical and surgical. gnbodies are removed from the bladder by this method can be demonstratedby dropping a pledget of cotton into the bladder. It can be seen with theutmost ease, picked up, and removed without difficulty. The posterior wall of the air-distended bladder lies two to five centi-metres distant from the anterior wall, and over this white background whichpresents itself to the eye of the observer is visible a beautiful net-work of 848 DISEASES OF THE URETHRA, BLADDER, AND URETERS. brandling and anastomosing vessels. The veins accompanying the arteriesare easily distinguished by their dark color. The larger vessels evidentlycome to the surface from the deeper layers of the bladder, and they branchstellately, divide, and anastomose. By elevating the handle of the speculum,the field of vision sweeps over the base of the bladder until in some casesthe region of the inter-ureteric ligament comes into view, often marked by aslightly elevated transverse fold or a distinct difference in color. Fig. ^j4 Kellys suction apparatus (three fourths natural size), used for withdrawing residual urine. By turning the speculum 30° to one side or the other and lookingsharply, a ureteral orifice is discovered. The ureteral orifices and theirsurroundings are not constant in appearance; sometimes the orifice appearsas a dimple or a little pit, or, in inflammatory cases, as a round hole in acushioned eminence; again, it may be scarcely visible even to a trained eye,appearing as a fine crack in the mucosa; and occasionally it is so obscureas to be recognized only by the jet of urine as it escapes, or by a slightdifference in the color of the mucous membrane at that point. Themucosa about the ureteral orifice is, as a rule, of a deeper rose color thanthe remainder of the mucous membrane of the bladder. A valuable aid for a beginner searching for the ureteral orifice is thefollowing. A point is marked on the cystoscope five and one-half centime-tres fro
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