. Bulletin - Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. Agriculture. 164 MASS. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 170. There is a difference of opinion as to the best time to prune, some authorities advocating spring and others preferring the fall of the year. Many people prune when the tree is in foliage, — in May or later. There are advantages in pruning in either season. Since trees occasionally bleed when pruned in early summer, painting the wounds is not always success- fully accomplished under these conditions; on the other hand, scars on vigorous trees are likely to heal somewhat during th
. Bulletin - Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. Agriculture. 164 MASS. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 170. There is a difference of opinion as to the best time to prune, some authorities advocating spring and others preferring the fall of the year. Many people prune when the tree is in foliage, — in May or later. There are advantages in pruning in either season. Since trees occasionally bleed when pruned in early summer, painting the wounds is not always success- fully accomplished under these conditions; on the other hand, scars on vigorous trees are likely to heal somewhat during the summer if the pruning is done early. The tools required in pruning are as follows: for general work, a good coarse-tooth, wide-set saw (5 teeth per inch); for larger limbs, a small 3 or 4 foot hand cross-cut saw; and for smaller limbs not easily accessible, a pole saw is convenient. Pole-saw blades may be ordered through hard- ware dealers, and may be fitted to poles of any desired length. A pole hook, wliich can be made by any blacksmith, is often useful for removing the small dead branches. For lowering large Hmbs a set of blocks is necessary, and in the felling of trees a cross-cut saw is indispensable. Ropes of various sizes, iron wedges for felling trees, axes, mallets and chisels, ladders, spurs for climbing, etc., are also indispensable. The above are the most essential tools for pruning shade trees, although there are others which are extremely useful and time saving. Healing of Wounds. A protective feature characteristic of all plants is well illustrated in the healing of wounds. The healing tissues (callus) in a tree are the cambium and adjacent meristematic cells located be- tween the wood and the outer bark. The plastic substances which provide the material for growth and healing are manufactured in the leaf, and are transferred through certain tissues of the inner bark (pliloem) adjacent to the cambium to various parts of the tree. When the tree is girdled or t
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