Applied anatomy and kinesiology, the mechanism of muscular movement . bone of right side, outer surface. (Gerrish.) joint can be flexed only to the extent of a right angle, but this isdue to tension of the hamstring muscles and not to the form of thejoint. The reverse of flexion, movement of the femur downward andbackward, is called extension, and is free until the limb is verticallydownward in line with the trunk, when it is stopped by tensionof the iliofemoral band and of the psoas and iliacus muscles,making any overextension of the hip impossible in normal examination will
Applied anatomy and kinesiology, the mechanism of muscular movement . bone of right side, outer surface. (Gerrish.) joint can be flexed only to the extent of a right angle, but this isdue to tension of the hamstring muscles and not to the form of thejoint. The reverse of flexion, movement of the femur downward andbackward, is called extension, and is free until the limb is verticallydownward in line with the trunk, when it is stopped by tensionof the iliofemoral band and of the psoas and iliacus muscles,making any overextension of the hip impossible in normal examination will show that in apparent overextension of MOVEMENTS OF THE HIP-JOINT 157 the hip, which occurs when one pushes one limb as far back aspossible while standing on the other limb, the pelvis tilts backwith the moving femur, the movement really being a slight flexionof the other hip and slight overextension of the spinal column in thelumbar region. The fact that we bend forward to reach the floorbut not backward is due to the impossibility of overextending Fig. 90.—Right hip-joint, front view. (Gerrish.) Movement of one limb away from the other toward the side iscalled abduction, and is usually possible through 45 degrees ormore. The limitation here is due to resistance of opposing muscles,the joint itself permitting nearly 90 degrees of abductibn, especiallyif the toes are turned outward. Abduction may also take placeby movement of the trunk; for example, the right hip-joint isabducted by inclining the trunk to the right while standing onthe right foot. Adduction is limited by contact of the movinglimb with the other limb; it can take place further when the mov-ing limb is a little front or rear from the other, or when the trunkis inclined to the side, as in the last example; the right hip is alsoadducted when the left hip is dropped below the level of the rightwhile standing on the right leg. 158 MOVEMENTS OF THE HIP-JOINT Movement of the limb in a circular manner
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