. The Biochemistry of B vitamins. Vitamins; Vitamin B complex. B VITAMIN DEFICIENCY STATES 421 Salmon and trout both develop anemias that are cured or prevented by xanthopterin158 and by folic acid; and xanthopterin apparently159 has at least some activity in the monkey and possibly the goat's milk anemia of rats, but not in the The incubation of xanthopterin with rat liver gives results that indicate, though not unequivocally, that this substance is converted to folic acid or enhances the liberation of folic acid from bound forms. Studies with regard to Bi2 deficiency in lower anima
. The Biochemistry of B vitamins. Vitamins; Vitamin B complex. B VITAMIN DEFICIENCY STATES 421 Salmon and trout both develop anemias that are cured or prevented by xanthopterin158 and by folic acid; and xanthopterin apparently159 has at least some activity in the monkey and possibly the goat's milk anemia of rats, but not in the The incubation of xanthopterin with rat liver gives results that indicate, though not unequivocally, that this substance is converted to folic acid or enhances the liberation of folic acid from bound forms. Studies with regard to Bi2 deficiency in lower animals are as yet fragmentary, although the apparent identity of this vitamin with the "animal protein factor" 161 and the "cow manure factor" 162 provides some evidence of the necessity of this factor in the diets of rats and chicks and of the symptoms resulting from some degree of nutritional deprivation. Anemia has been produced in a pig, however, by using vitamin-free casein and 2 per cent sulfasuxidine in the diet, and a remission obtained by the use of purified liver extract; thus vitamin BX2 deficiency may be attainable in a number of species when the con- ditions are properly selected. Prior to the isolation of vitamin Bi2, how- ever, a satisfactory biological response to the antipernicious anemia factor in animals other than man had been long and ardently sought for in vain as an assay device. The relationship which may exist between vitamin B12 and cobalt metabolism should now be reviewed in the light of the cobalt content of vitamin Bi2 and the known lowering of vitamin B6 blood levels in cobalt-deficient animals. Mention should be made of the apparent stimulatory effect of a- and /?-pyracins upon the pteroyltriglutamate activity on hemoglobin forma- tion and growth in anemic chicks. Either of the pyracins alone is ineffec- tive. However, either pyracin with the triglutamate stimulates its effective- ness (/?-pyracin being somewhat more active) in imp
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