Archive image from page 914 of The cyclopædia of anatomy and. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology cyclopdiaofana03todd Year: 1847 Skull of the Perch ( Perca ftuviatilis), after Ctivier. an association of several osseous pieces, certain elements of a vertebra may be modified in position and proportions so as to perform the ordinary functions of others which may be atrophied or absent: thus in Fishes the inferior transverse processes are gradually bent down- wards until in the dorsal region their extremities meet and perform the functions of the haema- pophyses. From the vertebral elements
Archive image from page 914 of The cyclopædia of anatomy and. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology cyclopdiaofana03todd Year: 1847 Skull of the Perch ( Perca ftuviatilis), after Ctivier. an association of several osseous pieces, certain elements of a vertebra may be modified in position and proportions so as to perform the ordinary functions of others which may be atrophied or absent: thus in Fishes the inferior transverse processes are gradually bent down- wards until in the dorsal region their extremities meet and perform the functions of the haema- pophyses. From the vertebral elements named above every possible variety is presented by these bones throughout all the races of animals possessing them. The body alone (fig. 433, d) may be de- veloped without the addition of any of the other parts, as in the terminal bones of a Mammal's 825 tail or of the human os cocct/gis, or the neura- pophyses may exist without an ossified body, as in some cartilaginous Fishes. The vertebrae of the human skeleton present body, neurapophy- ses, neural spine, and transverse processes, as do the rib-bearing vertebrae of the Fish. The caudal vertebrae of the Fish, in order to give the great vertical expansion required in this region of their skeleton, have the centre, the neura- pophyses, and neural spine as well as the haemapophyses and haemal spine to the ex- clusion of the transverse, while in the earlier caudal vertebrae of the tail of the Crocodile (Jig. 433, gall the elements enumerated exist in a medium state of developement. From these data, therefore, the osteologist is enabled to explain the composition of any vertebra that may be offered to his inspection ; nevertheless there are numerous apparent ex- ceptions which are well calculated to puzzle the student, met with, especially in the vertebrae of Serpents or of the neck of some Birds, where the processes are so complicated by the bifurcation of their extremities, or by foramina passing through their roots, or the g
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