. Annals of applied biology. Biology, Economic; Biochemistry. E. Hargreaves :]'27 appears to be to get rid of the excreta (lioneydew). The lingula moves in a vertical plane, while the operculum moves slightly backwards and forwards. The anus opens on the dorsal surface of the lingula (anterior to it) (Fig. 55). Ventral to the base of the lingula is a cleft, which is presumably to allow the lingula greater freedom of movement. Leading from the base of the lingula near the anus to its tip is a row of rather long setae, and at the tip there is a depression surrounded by them. It would appear that
. Annals of applied biology. Biology, Economic; Biochemistry. E. Hargreaves :]'27 appears to be to get rid of the excreta (lioneydew). The lingula moves in a vertical plane, while the operculum moves slightly backwards and forwards. The anus opens on the dorsal surface of the lingula (anterior to it) (Fig. 55). Ventral to the base of the lingula is a cleft, which is presumably to allow the lingula greater freedom of movement. Leading from the base of the lingula near the anus to its tip is a row of rather long setae, and at the tip there is a depression surrounded by them. It would appear that the honeydew is conducted from the anus via the row of setae, to the tip of the lingula, in the depression of which it can accumulate and form a globule. It is got rid of by the flicking of the lingula. This flicking is easily seen in the case of the pupa. The honeydew on exposure becomes gradually more and more viscous, and if it were not for the above arrangement the anus would become occluded, and the insect killed. The position of the anus corresponds. Fig. 5(5. Vasiform oritice with solidified honeydew. with the general up-side-down habit of the insect on the under leaf- surface. In some of my preparations there is a mass of clear structure- less material filling in the space between the lingula and operculum. This is honeydew which had become so viscous that the insect could not get rid of it (Fig. 56). It may be that the fly had remained in an upright position for some time. Peal^, 1903, considered that the lingula secreted the honeydew. Miss Bernis^ {Proc. Nat. Mas., vol. xxvii, p. 475) supports Peal. Quaintance^ could not find a definite opening at the tip of the lingula, and states that whether the anus opens at the base or tip, the lingula functions as the supra-anal plate. He homologises the lingula with the supra-anal plate of the Psyllidae, where the anus opens at the tip. The small numerals refer to the bibliography. 3, 5, U, 7, 8, and 9 are quoted from Qua
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