. Railroad construction, theory and practice; a text-book for the use of students in colleges and technical schools . Elevation op Portai,.Phcenixville Tunnel. P. S. V. R. R. LoNon-nDiNAL SBcnoK of tLATl LONQITUDINAL SbCTIOH Of PoBTAIiu §209. TUNNELS. 243 siderations and annual maintenance charges directly or indirectlyconnected with it. Even when an open cut may be constructedat the same cost as a tunnel (or perhaps a little cheaper) thetunnel may be preferable under the following conditions: 1. ^\Tien the soil indicates that the open cut would be liableto landslides. 2. When t
. Railroad construction, theory and practice; a text-book for the use of students in colleges and technical schools . Elevation op Portai,.Phcenixville Tunnel. P. S. V. R. R. LoNon-nDiNAL SBcnoK of tLATl LONQITUDINAL SbCTIOH Of PoBTAIiu §209. TUNNELS. 243 siderations and annual maintenance charges directly or indirectlyconnected with it. Even when an open cut may be constructedat the same cost as a tunnel (or perhaps a little cheaper) thetunnel may be preferable under the following conditions: 1. ^\Tien the soil indicates that the open cut would be liableto landslides. 2. When the open cut would be subject to excessive snow-drifts or avalanches. 3. AVhen land is especially costly or it is desired to run underexisting costly or valuable buildings or monuments. When run-ning through cities, tunnels are sometimes constructed as opencuts and then arched over. These cases apply to tunnels vs. open cuts when the aline-ment is fixed by other considerations than the mere broader question of excavating tunnels to avoid excessivegrades or to save distance or curvature, and similar problems,are hardly susceptible of general analysis except as questions ofrailway economics and mus
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