. Radiography, x-ray therapeutics and radium therapy . scopic Ezaminaiion.—Twenty minutes after injectionof imligo carmine. Right ureteral orifice normal and excretingjets of blue urine vigorously. Left orifice situated on a mound-like elevation. No blue urine issuing, but an occasional feeblejet of blood-stained fluid. Ureteral catheter enters orificeeasily, but is arrested at a point ^ inch from the opening. Operation, 17th March 1911.—Kidney exposed and foundto be hydronephrotic. No calculi in kidney. Ureter muchdilated and containing a calculous cast which extended fromrenal pelvis to belo


. Radiography, x-ray therapeutics and radium therapy . scopic Ezaminaiion.—Twenty minutes after injectionof imligo carmine. Right ureteral orifice normal and excretingjets of blue urine vigorously. Left orifice situated on a mound-like elevation. No blue urine issuing, but an occasional feeblejet of blood-stained fluid. Ureteral catheter enters orificeeasily, but is arrested at a point ^ inch from the opening. Operation, 17th March 1911.—Kidney exposed and foundto be hydronephrotic. No calculi in kidney. Ureter muchdilated and containing a calculous cast which extended fromrenal pelvis to below the brim of true pelvis. Below this a secondcalculus articulating with the first and reaching as far as lowerend of ureter. The lower calculus was removed with somedifficulty owing to the ufiper end hitching below the pelvicbrim. Ureter considerably torn owing to its friability, neph-rectomy and ureterectomy. Recovery uneventful,shows that its apex is formed by a small renal calculus, andus has been formed by the deposit of successive layers of. Fig. 183.—Stone in ureter.(By kind permission of Radiograph by ) The calculi shown in theradiograph are remarkable. Thenotes of the case are here given. A section of the lower calculusthat the remainder of the calculphosphates. panied by symptoms, the chief of which is renal colic. This may be severein character, and does not bear an exact relationship to the size of the small irregular stone may give rise to very severe renal colic ; a largersmooth stone may pass more readily down the ureter, and not give rise tomarked symptoms. The stone in its passage down the ureter may be


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