. The Civil engineer and architect's journal, scientific and railway gazette. Architecture; Civil engineering; Science. FlB. 1. IRON FORGING. Improvements in Forging Iron. By James Nasmyth. Befor?: proceedings to describe the nature of the improvements in question, iMr. Nasmyth made some remarks on the value and importance of any improvement which tended to increase the cer- tainty of the production of sound and perfertlv solid forgings of wrought-iron, more especially those massive forjfings required for such jiurposes as jiaddle-shafts, marine engines, crank and plain axles for locomotive en
. The Civil engineer and architect's journal, scientific and railway gazette. Architecture; Civil engineering; Science. FlB. 1. IRON FORGING. Improvements in Forging Iron. By James Nasmyth. Befor?: proceedings to describe the nature of the improvements in question, iMr. Nasmyth made some remarks on the value and importance of any improvement which tended to increase the cer- tainty of the production of sound and perfertlv solid forgings of wrought-iron, more especially those massive forjfings required for such jiurposes as jiaddle-shafts, marine engines, crank and plain axles for locomotive engines, anchors, and such like, on the sound- ness of which both life and pnqjcrty to a vast amount may depend. Mr. Nasmyth instanced cases in which paddle-shafts of marine engines had given way, although in the first instance thev had all the ou^tYn-rf aspect of the most perfect soundness, but which on fracture exhibited the existence of original defect, in being little else internally than a mass or bundle of loose bars of iron, which had never been in a sound welded union, but had onlv been held together by the exterior, where alone the welding had'been so far perfect. Mr. Nasmyth exhibited a diagram of which fig. 1 is a copy, in order to illustrate the action induced on the centre portion of a cylindrical forging, when i)roduced under the action of laced hammer and anvil. It will be seen at once that the action inducedonthe centre portion of the metal of a shaft, or such like cylindrical form, by the successive blows of a flat-faced hammer and anvil, as a and b is to cause the work to spread out or extend in the direction e d, e c (as rei)resented by the double pointed arrow on tlie fi- gure); and as the flattened-out form has to be attempted to be corrected by turning the shaft round and round on the anvil, so tlnit each .successive blow may be made to correct the spi-eading out caused by the previous blow. The result of this action is a fretting or mincing of the centre pa
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