. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. Chromatophores and Color Change 707 mary responses but to have initially the secondary phase. Species of the latter type include Fiindulus,^^- -^^ Lehistes, Xipho-phoriis, Gamhusia,^^^ Scyllium,^'-^'^ and Mustelus.^-^ A number of fishes normally showing second- ary color responses will revert to primary responses after blinding.^'^- The secondary color responses of fishes are dependent typically upon the eyes. They involve nervous pathways to the central nervous system, thence either to endocrine glands affectin
. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. Chromatophores and Color Change 707 mary responses but to have initially the secondary phase. Species of the latter type include Fiindulus,^^- -^^ Lehistes, Xipho-phoriis, Gamhusia,^^^ Scyllium,^'-^'^ and Mustelus.^-^ A number of fishes normally showing second- ary color responses will revert to primary responses after blinding.^'^- The secondary color responses of fishes are dependent typically upon the eyes. They involve nervous pathways to the central nervous system, thence either to endocrine glands affecting the chromatophores through blood-borne hormones, or by way of efferent nervous pathways directly to the chromato- phores where chemical mediators are liberated by the nerve terminations. Both hormonal and nervous mechanisms may cooperate in many cases. There is considerable variation among fishes as to the normal mechanism of con- trol. Parker,^'^*^ the leading investigator in the field of animal color changes, divides the fishes into three groups on the basis of the degree to which di- rect innervation of the melanophores is found. Dineuronic chromatophores possess double innervation with separate dispersing and concentrating fibers. Mononeuronic chromatophores possess single innervation in which the ac- tivity is always pigment-concentrating. Aneuronic chromatophores possess no innervation, their responses being due solely to activity of blood- and lymph-borne chemical Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Prosser, C. Ladd (Clifford Ladd), 1907-; Bishop, David W. Philadelphia, Saunders
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