. A Manual of botany : being an introduction to the study of the structure, physiology, and classification of plants . Botany. FLOEAL ENVELOPES—CALYX. 197. the leaves of the calyx stalked. They are usually sessile leaves, in which the laminar portion is only slightly developed, and frequently the vaginal part is alone present. Sepals are generally of a more or less oval, elliptical, or oblong form, with the extremity either blunt or acute. In their direction they are erect or reflexed (with their apices downwards), spreading outwards (divergent or 'patulous), or arched in- wards (connivent). T
. A Manual of botany : being an introduction to the study of the structure, physiology, and classification of plants . Botany. FLOEAL ENVELOPES—CALYX. 197. the leaves of the calyx stalked. They are usually sessile leaves, in which the laminar portion is only slightly developed, and frequently the vaginal part is alone present. Sepals are generally of a more or less oval, elliptical, or oblong form, with the extremity either blunt or acute. In their direction they are erect or reflexed (with their apices downwards), spreading outwards (divergent or 'patulous), or arched in- wards (connivent). They are usually of a greenish colour, and are called foliaceous or herbaceous; but sometimes they are coloured,. as in the Fuchsia, Tropseolum, Globe-flower, and Pomegranate, and are then called petaloid. Whatever be its colour, the external envelope of the flower must be considered as the calyx. The nature of the hairs on the calyx gives rise to terms similar to those already mentioned as applied to the surfaces of other parts of plants (p. 33). The vascular bundles sometimes have a promi- nent rib (figs. 296, 297), which indicates the middle of the sepal, at other times they have several ribs (fig. 298). Thevenation is use- ful as pointing out the number of leaves which form a gamosepalous calyx. At the part where two sepals unite, there is occasionally a prominent line, formed by the union of the vessels of each (fig. into two branches, each following the course of their respective sepals. In a polysepalous calyx, the number of the parts is marked by Greek numerals prefixed. Thus, a trisepalous calyx has three sepals, pentasepalous or pentaphylloiis, five, as in Stellaria Holostea (fig. 293), and so on. The sepals occasionally are of different forms and sizes. In Aconite, one of them is shaped like a helmet, and has been called galeate {galea, a helmet). In Oalcophyllum one of the sepals en- larges after the corolla falls, and assumes a pink colour. In Clero- dendron Thoms
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