. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. SPAWNING REACTIONS OF OSTREA VIRGINICA 481 11, ./) to greatly increased activity characterized by small and irregular contractions (Fig. 11, C and 11}. These contractions are not, however, concerned with the release of sperm. The sudden appearance of a jet of sperm at the beginning of ejacula- tion gives an impression of increased velocity of the cloacal current. The question whether there is an increase in ciliary activity during ejaculation was carefully studied in a number of experiments. Two methods were employed for mea
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. SPAWNING REACTIONS OF OSTREA VIRGINICA 481 11, ./) to greatly increased activity characterized by small and irregular contractions (Fig. 11, C and 11}. These contractions are not, however, concerned with the release of sperm. The sudden appearance of a jet of sperm at the beginning of ejacula- tion gives an impression of increased velocity of the cloacal current. The question whether there is an increase in ciliary activity during ejaculation was carefully studied in a number of experiments. Two methods were employed for measuring the strength of the cloacal cur- STIMULUS EJACULA TION Q Z o o: LJ a. Q. O oc 0 100 200 300 400 500 SECONDS 600 700 800 900 FIG. 12. Rate of pumping of water of the male O. virginica during con- tinuous ejaculation. Electric drop-counting method. Each point represents 10- second average of the number of drops of water discharged by the gills. rent. In the first series of experiments an electric drop-counting tech- nique, fully described in a previous publication (Galtsoff et al, 1935, p. 172) was used. The method consists in recording on a kymograph each drop of water pumped by the gills through a rubber tubing inserted into the cloaca. The method completely eliminates the effects of the adductor muscle and of the mantle which may constrict the pallial aper- ture, making it possible to obtain measurements of the efficiency of the ciliary epithelium alone. The results of the two experiments in which continuous records were obtained before, during and after ejaculation. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass. ); Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass. ). Annual report 1907/08-1952; Lillie, Frank Rattray, 1870-1947; Moor
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
