. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. Fig. 32. WHITE OAK AND PINE LOGS ATTACKED FUNGI. The White Oak logs in foreground attacked by 3 different species of fungi. Cut fibout S months before photographing. The value has depreciated with exposure and fungous Fig. 33. 1»RESIDENT JAMES BUCHANAN'S BIRTHPLACE. .Buchanan State Forest, Stony Batter, near Mercersburg, Franklin County, niidal rough stone monument. Norway Spruce in the foreground. i i Pyra- 27 lings and saplings which would have produced the forest of the fu- ture. In the years 1907,
. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. Fig. 32. WHITE OAK AND PINE LOGS ATTACKED FUNGI. The White Oak logs in foreground attacked by 3 different species of fungi. Cut fibout S months before photographing. The value has depreciated with exposure and fungous Fig. 33. 1»RESIDENT JAMES BUCHANAN'S BIRTHPLACE. .Buchanan State Forest, Stony Batter, near Mercersburg, Franklin County, niidal rough stone monument. Norway Spruce in the foreground. i i Pyra- 27 lings and saplings which would have produced the forest of the fu- ture. In the years 1907, 1908 and 1909, 2,455 fires occurred in the State of Pennsylvania, and burned over 484,987 acres. The esti- mated amount of damage was almost $1,000,000. It is also esti- mated that the average annual direct loss from forest fires within Pennsylvania is $500,000. Three kinds of forest fires are usually recognized: Surface fires, which burn the surface layer of leaves, grass, twigs, and some trees; Oround fires, which burn through soils with abundant vegetable ma- terial ; and Crown fires, which burn through the crowns of trees. Many fires can be prevented by educating the people concerning the real value and significance of the forests. Vigilant patrol dur- ing the danger season, the construction of fire-towers, telephone lines, roads, fire-lanes, compartment lines, and the proper disposal of com- bustible material, help to minimize the fire danger, x. The damage which man does in the forest is very noticeable to his fellowman, while that done by other agents often goes unnoticed. Due to the development of our biological sciences in the recent past we are beginning to appreciate the extent of the damage done by such agents as insects and fungi. ,The organic agencies which damage the forest are plants or ani- mals. The principal types of plants which do damage to the forest or to the products of the forest are parasitic flowering plants, as the mistletoe, and fungi which cause t
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectforests, bookyear1901
