. The history of the world; a survey of a man's record . dway during the fourteenth century,and that any practical results were attained, was entirely due to their were drawn into the affairs of the Scandinavian kingdoms against their will,and war alone assisted them to the degree of unity of w^hich they were capable. Itmay be said to their credit that they possessed at least a little heroism as an offset totheir bourgeois narrow-mindedness. So long as a merchant was compelled to breathesea air and face the dangers of long voyages, he could not grow altogether blindand stupid in t
. The history of the world; a survey of a man's record . dway during the fourteenth century,and that any practical results were attained, was entirely due to their were drawn into the affairs of the Scandinavian kingdoms against their will,and war alone assisted them to the degree of unity of w^hich they were capable. Itmay be said to their credit that they possessed at least a little heroism as an offset totheir bourgeois narrow-mindedness. So long as a merchant was compelled to breathesea air and face the dangers of long voyages, he could not grow altogether blindand stupid in the semi-darkness of retail shops and herring magazines. Eobbersand pirates forced him to be constantly on his guard, and the hostile inhabitantsof foreign cities caused him to spring to arms whenever their ill-will against theprivileged strangers burst into flame, — an event which the unscrupulous and over-bearing conduct of the Hanseatics made by no means rare. In short, the mediaeval ?<«. tradesman had not much holiday from the school of f;7^i:^s:Sr\ history of the world 29 J. The Period of the Wars of Yaldemar to the Union of Kalmar [a) From Eric VI to the Peace of Strcdsuncl and Korsor. — Tlie halt in thedevelopment of Denmark which followed the defeat of Valdemar the Greatat Bornhoved in 1227, and which proved to be of such advantage to the Balticcolonies of Germany, came to an end during the times of King Eric Menved(1285-1319). Not only did Denmark resume her earlier plans of expansion, butthe Counts of Holstein and the Margraves of Brandenburg also aspired to a sharein the Dominium Tnaris haltici. For five hundred years dominion over the Balticwas contested from two different points of view : from the mercantile — as in thecase of the Hanseatic League — and from the financial-political. To occupy theharbours, coasts, and seaports, to open them to commerce or to close them, asexpediency demanded, and to be paid for doing it, were the objects held in vie
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