. Annual report of the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University and the Agricultural Experiment Station. New York State College of Agriculture; Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). Frosts in New York 527 I^H^^^^^^^^^^H^^^^HHh^P^ \. Fig. 143.—Coal heater The prunings from the ordinary orchard generally are not sufficient, but they should be saved and kept dry for use in starting the fires. Old rails or cord wood make good fuel, and when piled dovetail fashion, with a little dry kindling at the bottom, are easily lighted. J. G.
. Annual report of the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University and the Agricultural Experiment Station. New York State College of Agriculture; Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). Frosts in New York 527 I^H^^^^^^^^^^H^^^^HHh^P^ \. Fig. 143.—Coal heater The prunings from the ordinary orchard generally are not sufficient, but they should be saved and kept dry for use in starting the fires. Old rails or cord wood make good fuel, and when piled dovetail fashion, with a little dry kindling at the bottom, are easily lighted. J. G. Gore of Medford, Greg., saved his crop, valued at $1,000 per acre, four years in succession by the use of old rails for fuel. A little dash of kerosene or crude oil and the application of the torch is all that is necessary to light the fires. An iron rod three or four feet long, wound at one end with cotton waste or rags and satu- rated with oil, makes a ser\aceable torch. The number of wood fires necessary to protect an orchard of large trees ranges from twenty-five to fifty per acre, depending on the degree of frost and the strength of the wind. The fires should not be large, since large fires tend to set up currents that draw in the cold air outside and thus may defeat the purpose in view. In practice it is best to prepare the maximum number, but to light only every other one at first, holding the others in reserve in case the fall of temperature is not checked. Usually it is possible to hold the temperature in an orchard in this way 6 to 10 above the temperature outside. It sometimes happens that even this is not sufficient and that some of the blossoms will be frosted, particularly in the colder parts of the orchard. When this occurs it is good practice to use the fires to create a dense smudge about sunrise, with a view of retarding the process of thaw- ing. For this purpose coarse manure, sawdust, wet straw, and the like, may be used. Coal.—Coal makes an excellent fu
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