. China Ecosystem Services and Poverty Alleviation Situation Analysis and Research Strategy - Final Report to the ESPA Programme. ESPA China Consortium, CAAS, Beijing, China. Section A: Status of poverty and ecosystems in China. P10 vi nc i * I Bo u nda ry Counties 692 poverty eounltea >n ZOOS No Data Soulhern China Sea Islands r-. Figure A The distribution of the Key Poverty-stricken Counties in China in 2006. Causes of poverty The main factors attributed to rural poverty in China include harsh natural conditions, poor infrastructure facilities and limited social development. No single
. China Ecosystem Services and Poverty Alleviation Situation Analysis and Research Strategy - Final Report to the ESPA Programme. ESPA China Consortium, CAAS, Beijing, China. Section A: Status of poverty and ecosystems in China. P10 vi nc i * I Bo u nda ry Counties 692 poverty eounltea >n ZOOS No Data Soulhern China Sea Islands r-. Figure A The distribution of the Key Poverty-stricken Counties in China in 2006. Causes of poverty The main factors attributed to rural poverty in China include harsh natural conditions, poor infrastructure facilities and limited social development. No single cause is likely to be found in a particular situation. Shen (2004) considered that in western China high poverty levels were due to growing population pressure, a low level of development, and serious ecological degradation. In western China fertility-led rapid population growth and grain production at or below subsistence level up to the 1980s not only slowed the process of industrialization and urbanization, but also caused severe land and ecological degradation through deforestation and farming on slopes. Other than population pressure, weak economic competitiveness also contributed to the substantial development gap among the eastern, central and western regions. A survey in 2006 of poverty-stricken households in 72 villages across the country found that low returns from crops (72% of respondents) was reported as the major reason for their poverty, with growing expenditure on healthcare and children's education the other main causes (CDRF, 2007). Natural environment Heilig et al. (2006) concluded that geographical and ecological conditions are often responsible for the persistence of poverty in China. The productivity of ecosystems and the supply of services that they can provide are fundamentally determined by the climate-soil-vegetation combination. These factors depend on relative location to the temperate zones and monsoon zones in China and altitude. Frequently
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