Annals of the South African MuseumAnnale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum . outh African provincial landmammal stage and age Langebaanian, Pliocene in age and tentatively correlatedwith the Astian of Europe and the Rexroadian of North America (Hendey 1974:table 8). Renewed study of the systematics of these fossil penguins with enlargedsamples is based on the humeri, femora, tibiotarsi, and tarsometatarsi. Theother bones, although numerous, are less characteristic and do not add to con-clusions based on these bones. Measurements are given in Table 3. The dimensions are the same as thosespecified
Annals of the South African MuseumAnnale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum . outh African provincial landmammal stage and age Langebaanian, Pliocene in age and tentatively correlatedwith the Astian of Europe and the Rexroadian of North America (Hendey 1974:table 8). Renewed study of the systematics of these fossil penguins with enlargedsamples is based on the humeri, femora, tibiotarsi, and tarsometatarsi. Theother bones, although numerous, are less characteristic and do not add to con-clusions based on these bones. Measurements are given in Table 3. The dimensions are the same as thosespecified in the text above and used in Tables 1 and 2. Statistics derived fromthese measurements are given in Table 4 and there compared with statisticsfor a sample of Recent Spheniscus demersus made to include equal numbers ofthe two sexes, as noted in previous text. These dimensions, and therefore themeasurements, differ somewhat from those previously used for the smallersample (Simpson 1971a: table 1). For humerus b and humerus c the co- 64 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM. Inguza predemersus, type, humerus SAM-PQ-L6510. Ventral, dorsal and postaxial views. Scale in mm. NOTES ON VARIATION IN PENGUINS 65 Table 3Measurements of some Limb Bones of Fossil Penguins from Langebaanweg Specimen No. aL6510, holotype of Inguza predemersus . 59,0 L123010 57,5 L14853 — L12887A — L22952 — L21928 — a L23002 59,8 L22983 61,5 L22117 62,3 L122954 — L12524A — L13154 75,1 L3656 79,5 L13066A — a L23012 85,2 L22950 ca. 92 a L23018 27,2 L22974 — L22985 — Symbols are explained in the text. DimensionHumerus b c 8,69,68,79,410,09,8 Femurb 10,010,911,111,711,2 13,914,4 18,1 c13,313,413,9 14,5 16,317,618,7 — Tibiotarsusb 11,512,3 Tarsometatarsus b c 5,3 24,24,7 ca. 1\ — 17,818,918,419,3 Table 4 Some Statistical Data on a Sample with Equal Numbers of Males and Females of Spheniscusdemersus and on Available Fossils from Langebaanweg Sample Dimension N OR X S V Spheniscus Humerus b
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