. Cyclopedia of architecture, carpentry, and building : a general reference work .... ine 1-1and turned ui)ward toward the reader, and we should view thissection from the front, the point 3 would be at the tojp, or, if bentdownward, would be at the bottom; therefore the points 3 and 3 inelevation are placed at top and bottom. Now if the section E^ inelevation were bent on the line 3-3 either toward or away from thereader, the j)oint 1 when looking down would show on both sides asshown in plan, which proves both operations. No matter whetherthe form is sim^jle, as here shown, or complicated as


. Cyclopedia of architecture, carpentry, and building : a general reference work .... ine 1-1and turned ui)ward toward the reader, and we should view thissection from the front, the point 3 would be at the tojp, or, if bentdownward, would be at the bottom; therefore the points 3 and 3 inelevation are placed at top and bottom. Now if the section E^ inelevation were bent on the line 3-3 either toward or away from thereader, the j)oint 1 when looking down would show on both sides asshown in plan, which proves both operations. No matter whetherthe form is sim^jle, as here shown, or complicated as that whichwill follow, the student should use his imaginative power. Studythe problem well; close your eyes and imagine you see the finishedarticle before you, or, failing in this, make a rough model in theshop or a cardboard model at home, which will be of service. Nowfrom the intersections in E,draw horizontal lines intersecting thecircle A at 1, 2 and 3 on both sides. From these points erectperpendicularlines and intersect them with horizontal lines drawn 69 !0 SHEET-METAL WORK. Fig. 4. 70 SHEET-METAL WORK 11 from similarly numbered intersections in E^ Lines traced throughthese points 3 2 1 and 1 2 3 will be straight because bothbranches are of equal diameters. For the development of the cylinder D in elevation, extendthe line 3-3 as shown by F G, upon which place the stretchout oftwice the niimber of spaces contained in E\ as shown by similarnumbers 3° to 1° to 3° to 1° to 3° on the stretchout line F these points, at right angles to G F, draw lines, andintersect them by lines drawn parallel to the cylinder B from similarnumbers in the joint line. Trace a line through these points inthe development, when F G H I will be the desired shape. For the opening to be cut into the cylinder B to receive thecylinder D, extend the base of the cylinder B as shown by 1^ 1^,upon which place the stretchout of the half circle A in plan, asshown by similar figures on the stretcho


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