. Handbook of birds of the western United States including the great plains, great basin, Pacific slope, and lower Rio Grande valley . 3. Nasal groove extending nearly to tip of bill. 4. Plumage wholly black except for white head andwhite patch on wings , . Xeiiopicus, p. 207. 4. Plumage mainly white below and spotted with whiteabove Dryobates, p. 201. ^ 2. Toes 3, 2 pointing forward, 1 back . Picoides, p. 208. 1. Outside hind toe not longer than outside front toe. 2. Head with con-spicuous ,p. 213. 2. Head Fig. 267. 3. Under surface of wing and tail yellow or re


. Handbook of birds of the western United States including the great plains, great basin, Pacific slope, and lower Rio Grande valley . 3. Nasal groove extending nearly to tip of bill. 4. Plumage wholly black except for white head andwhite patch on wings , . Xeiiopicus, p. 207. 4. Plumage mainly white below and spotted with whiteabove Dryobates, p. 201. ^ 2. Toes 3, 2 pointing forward, 1 back . Picoides, p. 208. 1. Outside hind toe not longer than outside front toe. 2. Head with con-spicuous ,p. 213. 2. Head Fig. 267. 3. Under surface of wing and tail yellow or red. Colaptes, p. 220. 3. Under surface of wing and tail not yellow or red ; upper mandible with a distinct lateral ridge and nasal groove. Melanerpes, p. 215. WOODPECKERS 201 GENUS DRYOBATES. General Characters. — Bill straig-ht, square at tip, beveled toward end,with sharp culmen and distinct lateral ridges, and large nasal tufts hiding-the nostrils; tongue greatly extensile; feet with outer hind toe longer thanouter front toe ; wing long, pointed. KEY TO SPECIES. 1. Upper parts brown . arizonae, p. 206. 1. Upper parts black, marked with white. 2. Outer tail feathers plain white or with only two distinct bars. 3. Upper parts black, barred with white .... nuttallii, p. Upper parts black, with a white stripe down back. 4. Wing coverts and tertials conspicuously spotted with white. leucomelas, p. Wing coverts and tertials plain black or lightly spotted withwhite. 5. Under parts smoky gray harrisii, p. 202. 5. Under p


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