. Chambers's encyclopaedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge. ing, see Pettigrew, Handy Book of Bees (4tli ); Robinson, British Bee-farminrj (1880); Cook,Manual of the Apiary (ChicaKo, 1878); Hunter, Manualof Bee-keepim (3d ed. 1879); Cheshire, Bees and Bee-keep-iny (2 vols. 1880-88); and works by Quinby ( New York),Root (New York, 1891), Samson (1892], and Simmins. BoebtTU. See Greenheart. Beeell (Fug us), a genus of Cupulifene ().There are about fifteen species, all forest-trees ofgreat beauty. The Common Beech (F. sylvatica)forms whole forests in many parts of Europe. It 30 BE
. Chambers's encyclopaedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge. ing, see Pettigrew, Handy Book of Bees (4tli ); Robinson, British Bee-farminrj (1880); Cook,Manual of the Apiary (ChicaKo, 1878); Hunter, Manualof Bee-keepim (3d ed. 1879); Cheshire, Bees and Bee-keep-iny (2 vols. 1880-88); and works by Quinby ( New York),Root (New York, 1891), Samson (1892], and Simmins. BoebtTU. See Greenheart. Beeell (Fug us), a genus of Cupulifene ().There are about fifteen species, all forest-trees ofgreat beauty. The Common Beech (F. sylvatica)forms whole forests in many parts of Europe. It 30 BEECH BEECHER is one of the stateliest of our forest-trees, and rivalsthe oak in its dimensions and outline. Its bark issmooth, of a Sray colour ; and it is remarkable forthe frequency with which hard wooden knobs—abortive buds—occur in it. Grass does not growreadily under the shade of the beech, but some rareplants are almost peculiar to such situations. Thebeech thrives best in light soils ; and does not sendits roots deep into the ground. The wood is very. Branch of Common Beech :a, flower; b, fiuit. hard and solid, but brittle ; and when exposed tothe open air, very liable to rot and to be worm-eaten. It is therefore not adapted to the purposesof the house-carpenter; but when kept alwaysunder water, it is very durable, and is accordinglyemployed in the erection of mills, and for weirs,sluices, &c. It is extensively used by cabinet-makers in the making of chairs, tables, bedsteads,«S:c., and by turners in making wooden bowls,ladles, butchers trays, and many other articles ofeveryday use. It is used also in the manufactureof carpenters planes and other tools. Berkhanip-stead, Hertfordshire, is noted for its trade in l)eecliturnery-ware. The wood is also employed bywheelwrights, cartwrights, and coachbuilders. Itis much used in f^ranee for making sabots, beingpreferred for that purpose to any other, exceptwalnut-wood, on account of its not readily absorb-ing water. It is re
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