First Beam of 184 Inch Cyclotron, 1946
First beam of 184 inch cyclotron, November 1, 1946; foreground, left to right, Robert Lyster Thornton, Ernest Orlando Lawrence, and Edwin Mattison McMillan. A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator invented by Leo SzilÌÁrd and Lawrence in 1932 in which charged particles accelerate outwards from the center along a spiral path. The particles are held to a spiral trajectory by a static magnetic field and accelerated by a rapidly varying (radio frequency) electric field. Lawrence was awarded the 1939 Nobel prize in physics for this invention. Cyclotrons were the most powerful particle accelerator technology until the 1950s when they were superseded by the synchrotron, and are still used to produce particle beams in physics and nuclear medicine.
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