. A manual of Indian botany. Botany. 158 MORPHOLOGY three forms of dehiscence are collectively called val- vular, as the segments into which the pericarp breaks up are like so many valves. Usually the valvular dehiscence is complete, extending from the top of the capsule to its bottom, but occasionally it is incomplete, extending from the apex down to a certain distance below, as in shial-kanta. {b) Simple Indehiscent Fruits.—Indehiscent fruits may be classified in two groups, namely, (i) those with a fleshy pericarp, and (2) those with a membranous or woody peri- carp. The first group consist
. A manual of Indian botany. Botany. 158 MORPHOLOGY three forms of dehiscence are collectively called val- vular, as the segments into which the pericarp breaks up are like so many valves. Usually the valvular dehiscence is complete, extending from the top of the capsule to its bottom, but occasionally it is incomplete, extending from the apex down to a certain distance below, as in shial-kanta. {b) Simple Indehiscent Fruits.—Indehiscent fruits may be classified in two groups, namely, (i) those with a fleshy pericarp, and (2) those with a membranous or woody peri- carp. The first group consists of two forms, namely, (i) drupe or DRUPACEOUS, when the fleshy fruit is one-seeded or occasionally two- seeded ; and (ii) berry or berry- like (bacca or baccate), when the fleshy fruit is many-seeded. A typical drupe is commonly called a stone FRUIT, such as Mango (see fig. 137), in which the pericarp consists of a thin epicarp, a fleshy mesocarp, and a bony endocarp enclosing one seed. The bony endocarp in a drupe is known as a ston« or anti. The fruit of tal-palm is also a drupe, but it is often two- to three-seeded. Date or khejur is drupe-like or drupaceous, but not a true drupe, because the hard stone inside is not an endocarp. Fruits like kala-jam are also drupaceous. Guava, Papaw, Plan- tain, &c., are examples of berry. Fruits like bael. Water-melon or tarmuz. Orange, &c., are berry-like or baccate. The second group of indehiscent fruits is either (i) achene, when the pericarp is thin, or (ii) NUT, when the pericarp is thick and woody. The fruit of chhagal-bati and Clematis (see fig. 144, a). Fig*. 142.—Capsule of Poppy — Afingr or Posto Plant i^Papaver somtiiferum). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bose, G. C. London, Blackie & Son Ltd.
Size: 1154px × 2165px
Photo credit: © The Book Worm / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, booksubjectbotany, bookyear1920
