Elementary anatomy and physiology Elementary anatomy and physiology : for colleges, academies, and other schools . elementaryanato00hitc Year: 1869 AND PHYSIOLOGY. 191 ever, three enlargements of the alimentary canal, all of which prepare the food for assimilation. The first of these is the uXngluvies' or 'Crop,' where the food is softened by the mucous secretion of the lining membrane. Then as it passes along into the ' Proventriculus,*' it receives the gastric juice from the gastric glands which line it. The second stomach, tho ' Gizzard,' i3 round and flat and made up of powerful muscular
Elementary anatomy and physiology Elementary anatomy and physiology : for colleges, academies, and other schools . elementaryanato00hitc Year: 1869 AND PHYSIOLOGY. 191 ever, three enlargements of the alimentary canal, all of which prepare the food for assimilation. The first of these is the uXngluvies' or 'Crop,' where the food is softened by the mucous secretion of the lining membrane. Then as it passes along into the ' Proventriculus,*' it receives the gastric juice from the gastric glands which line it. The second stomach, tho ' Gizzard,' i3 round and flat and made up of powerful muscular fibres, except in birds of prey, where it is thinner in texture. In gallinaceous birds its lining membrane is of a horny consistency, which, with the powerful muscular fibres, render it an organ of mastication to granivorous birds. Gravel and angular stones are purposely swallowed by these birds to aid in the digestive or grinding process. 847. Teeth and Jaws of Reptiles.—Reptiles need teeth only to seize and retain their prey, since whatever food is taken by them, is swallowed without mastication, which is one reason why the jaws and throats of serpents are so very capacious. A peculi- arity in their bony construc- tion renders this possible, for the jaw is not made up of one or at most two pieces as in mammals, but of several segments, which rea- dily move one upon another, as if with different articula- tions. 348. The Tongue—The Tongue is used as an instrument for the capture of prey by many reptiles. Frogs and Sala- manders are able to thrust it out with great rapidity and Give the names of each. Describe the Gizzard Why are gravel and stones swallowed by granivorous birds? Which is the true stomach ? 347. What is the only use of teeth in reptiles? State the reason why the jaws are so capacious. Of how many bones are they frequently made up ? 318. Of what use is the tongue to some reptiles? 9
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