. Electrolytes in biological systems, incorporating papers presented at a symposium at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, on September 8, 1954. Electrophysiology; Electrolytes; Electrolytes; Electrophysiology; Physiology, Comparative. 2IO ELECTROLYTES IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS These studies clearly show two facts: /) that in dead skin, inward osmosis proceeds faster than outward osmosis; 2) that the metabolic processes in skin, which means maintenance of respiration in our case, changes the skin in such a way that outward osmosis now proceeds faster than inward osmosis.
. Electrolytes in biological systems, incorporating papers presented at a symposium at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, on September 8, 1954. Electrophysiology; Electrolytes; Electrolytes; Electrophysiology; Physiology, Comparative. 2IO ELECTROLYTES IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS These studies clearly show two facts: /) that in dead skin, inward osmosis proceeds faster than outward osmosis; 2) that the metabolic processes in skin, which means maintenance of respiration in our case, changes the skin in such a way that outward osmosis now proceeds faster than inward osmosis. I have no satisfactory explanation for either one of these observations. Referring to 'one-way osmosis' in the living skin, however, one may consider two possible explanations. Either there is an active transport of water in the outward direc- tion, simultaneous with active uptake of salt in the inward direction (23), or. Fig. 4. Changes in the electrical properties of isolated frog skin {Rana pipiens) with dilution of the outside solution. Relative concentrations with Ringer's fluid as unity. In circuit B and C the cut edge of the skin served as reference point in the measurements (67)- the inwardly moving ions are partly stripped off of a loose shell of water. In any event, the amount of water drawn through the skin by osmotic forces in the outward and inward directions would be increased and decreased, respectively, by the amount of water actively transported or released from ions. Another factor involved may be this: if the inwardly moving ions were losing part of their water shell, it could be visualized that this occurs at the walls of the pores in the skin. As a result of this, one might think of a water film slowly moving in the outward direction along the walls of the pores. If, then, an osmotic water flow were forced upon this system, it would appear that inward flow would meet with a greater resistance because of the outwardly moving water Please note th
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