. The English house, how to judge its periods and styles. ular and deeply recessed ; and there are shaftsin the jambs. Note the capitals,for they are carvedin such a way that they prevent the zigzag orna-ment from asserting itself too much. RochesterCastle dates from about 1130. ConisboroughCastle is later by about forty years, and a fire-place and chimney-piece show more invention, ifless practical knowledge. There is no recess inwhich timber could burn, supported by firedogs ;the back slants inwardly as it rises ; and onethinks that logs must have been put on endagainst that slope, for smoke
. The English house, how to judge its periods and styles. ular and deeply recessed ; and there are shaftsin the jambs. Note the capitals,for they are carvedin such a way that they prevent the zigzag orna-ment from asserting itself too much. RochesterCastle dates from about 1130. ConisboroughCastle is later by about forty years, and a fire-place and chimney-piece show more invention, ifless practical knowledge. There is no recess inwhich timber could burn, supported by firedogs ;the back slants inwardly as it rises ; and onethinks that logs must have been put on endagainst that slope, for smoke could not otherwisebe drawn from hearth to chimney. At least,our illustration conveys that idea (p. 72). Note,again, that the jambs have clustered shafts, anattractive feature, and that the mantelpiece formswhat is known as a straight arch, several stonesbeing ingeniously keyed together to make a flatlintel or breastsummer across the will find this keyed stonework in the * Turner and Parkers Domestic Architecture of theMiddle Ages, i, HEARTH, FIREPLACE, CHIMNEY 91 canopy at Boothby Pagnel in Turner andParkers book. Another illustration—Aydon Castle, North-umberland {circa 1270)—is a development fromthis example at Conisborough (p. 84). It has asloping back, but the hearth is well recessed,leaving space enough for logs to lie across theandirons; and above it is a projecting chimney-piece supported by brackets. Other fireplacesat Aydon Castle are different. One has shaftedjambs built against the wall ; they project intothe room ; and over all is a covering hoodthat tapers upwards. Chimney-shafts at Aydonare for the most part carried up singly in plain,solid-looking channels. From Aydon Castle we pass to EdlinghamCastle, Northumberland {circa 1330), and thenceto Sherborne Abbey, Dorsetshire [circa 1470).The Edlingham fireplace belongs to the Deco-rated style, while the other is a gracious andfriendly example of Perpendicular (p. 84). Itsprings from the same
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