. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. jru^"^w^ % BULLETIN No. 8 i w Joint Contribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry, JOHN'^oJ'j R. MOHLER, Chief, and the Bureau of Plant Industry, WM. A. TAYLOR, Chief. Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER June 8, 1920 THE WHORLED MILKWEED {Asclepias galioides) AS A POISONOUS PLANT. By C, DwiGHT Marsh and A. B. Clawson, Physiologists, 3. F. Couch, PhaV' macological Chemist, Bureau of Animal Industry, and W. W. Eggleston, Assistant Botanist, Bureau of Plant Industry. CONTENTS. Part I.—Introduction 1 Historical sum
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. jru^"^w^ % BULLETIN No. 8 i w Joint Contribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry, JOHN'^oJ'j R. MOHLER, Chief, and the Bureau of Plant Industry, WM. A. TAYLOR, Chief. Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER June 8, 1920 THE WHORLED MILKWEED {Asclepias galioides) AS A POISONOUS PLANT. By C, DwiGHT Marsh and A. B. Clawson, Physiologists, 3. F. Couch, PhaV' macological Chemist, Bureau of Animal Industry, and W. W. Eggleston, Assistant Botanist, Bureau of Plant Industry. CONTENTS. Part I.—Introduction 1 Historical summary and review of litera- ture 1 Description ol Asclepias galioides 5 Distribution and habits of the 6 Part II.—Erperimental work 8 Horse experiments 13 Cattle experiments 15 Sheep experiments 17 Chemical examination 20 Paet III.—General discxisslon and conclu- sions 25 Symptoms 25 Autopsy findings 28 Part III—Continued. Pathology Toxic and lethal doses Susceptibility o f different animals Delay in development of Eflect of repeated doses Seasonal variations in toxicity Relative toxicity of leaves and stems. Local variations in toxicity Remedies Eradication of the whorled milkweed . Prevention by care of stock Summary Literature cited PART I.—INTRODUCTION. HISTORICAL SUMMARY AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE. The literature relating to Asclepias galioides as a poisonons plant is confined to three publications. Glover and Robbins, in 1915/ published statements that cattle in western Colorado had been re- ported as being killed by a plant which they called A. vertlciUata, but that experiments with rabbits had failed to produce results. Glover, in 1917, published the results of some experiments with rabbits, from which he inferred that the plant was not poisonous either when dry or green, but added that cases reported warrant the suspicion that "the whorled milkweed may be a ver}- danger- ous poison weed for sheep and ; In July, 1918, Glover
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