. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. VIOLA VtOLA (classical name). I'iohlcew. Violet. There are probably 150 species of Violets. They are widely distributed perennial or rarely annual herbs (or even subshrubs) with interesting irregular tiowers on 1- or 2-flowered axillary peduncles. They are plants of the northern and southern temperate zones. Ab
. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. VIOLA VtOLA (classical name). I'iohlcew. Violet. There are probably 150 species of Violets. They are widely distributed perennial or rarely annual herbs (or even subshrubs) with interesting irregular tiowers on 1- or 2-flowered axillary peduncles. They are plants of the northern and southern temperate zones. About 40 spe- cies are native to North America north of Mexico. The flowers are 5-merous as to envelopes and stamens: sepals all similar, persistent with the fruit: corolla irregular, the lower petal spurred, the others similar but usually not alike ; stamens short and included, the anthers more or less coherent and two of them with an appendage projecting into the spur : fr. a capsule, 3-valved, with several to many globular seeds. Some of the species (particularly the common eastern K. pal- mata) have cleistogamous flowers, which are borne at the base of the plant (often under the mold) and are pollinated in the bud. The structure of the corolla of the Violet is shown in Pig. 2681. In Fig. 2682, repre- senting the same species, the cleistogamous flowers are shown 'At a a. Three species of Viola are well known in gardens. The Common Sweet Violet is V. odorata. From this the florists' Violet, in many forms, has been evolved. The Pansy is K. tricolor. See Puhsij. The Horned or Butterfly Violet is V. cornnia. These are all European species, and are now considerably modified by cultiva- tion. Many of the native Violas are offered by dealers in hardy plants, but only V. pedata and V. palmata (with its var. cucuUafa) are really known to any extent as garden plants; and even these are not frequently seen. V. pedata, the Bird's-foot Violet, is a most worthy spe- cies, and it will some d
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