. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 84 Illinois Natural Hisiorv Survey Bulletin Vol. 33, Art. 1 tal cell deep yellow, brown spots on crossveins and bifurcation; first poste- rior cell narrowed at margin; all femora black; abdomen orange brown, some- what darker in center. Male easily associated with female; upper eye fac- ets scarcely enlarged, line of demarca- tion indistinct; black median areas of abdomen more evident than in female. Larvae (Fig. 201) have been collect- ed in the upper 2 cm of mud and organic debris at the margins of small ponds or lakes (Goodwin 1973b). T. gladiat
. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 84 Illinois Natural Hisiorv Survey Bulletin Vol. 33, Art. 1 tal cell deep yellow, brown spots on crossveins and bifurcation; first poste- rior cell narrowed at margin; all femora black; abdomen orange brown, some- what darker in center. Male easily associated with female; upper eye fac- ets scarcely enlarged, line of demarca- tion indistinct; black median areas of abdomen more evident than in female. Larvae (Fig. 201) have been collect- ed in the upper 2 cm of mud and organic debris at the margins of small ponds or lakes (Goodwin 1973b). T. gladiator is a southeastern species, extending from southern Florida to Maryland and west to eastern Texas (Fig. 228). As yet this species has not been collected in Illinois although speci- mens have been examined from west- ern Fig. 228.—Distribution of Tabanus gladiator in North America. Tabanus limbatinevris Macqiiart Tabanus limbathm'ris Macquart (1847:32). Type-locality: unknown (stated by Macquart to be Tasmania). Tabanus abdominalis Osten Sacken (1876: 434), not Fabricius (1805:96). Mis- identification. Fairly large ( mm); reddish brown; frons rather narrow, averaging 5'/:f times as high as width at base, slightly widened above (Fig. 189); sec- ond palpal segment yellowish with short black hair; wing tinted, with dark spots and yellow costal cell; first posterior cell normally petiolate, occasionally closed at margin or narrowly open; femora black to brown, usually with mixture of black and yellow hairs; fore tibiae pale yellow on basal one-third to one-half, balance of segment black or brown; middle and hind tibiae vellow, somewhat darker near apex; abdomen dull reddish brown with middorsal row of pale triangles; venter dark yel- low with trace of dark median markings. Male lacks diagnostic characters of narrower frons and petiolate first pos- terior cell, which separate the female from T. sulcifrons; line of demarcation setting off larger upper eve facets str
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