. The American entomologist. Entomology. THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65 and under such circumstances, the pupas would continue tlieir galleries from four to six inches above ground (Fig. 60, a full view, b sectional view), leaving an orifice of egress even with the [Fig. i>l.]. Colors—Clay-yellow. surface (Fig. 60, e). lu the upper end of these chambers the pupas would bo found awaiting their approachiug time of change (Fig. 60 c). They would then back down to below the level of tlie earth, as at d, and issuing forth from the orifice, would attach themselves to the first ob- ject at hand and
. The American entomologist. Entomology. THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65 and under such circumstances, the pupas would continue tlieir galleries from four to six inches above ground (Fig. 60, a full view, b sectional view), leaving an orifice of egress even with the [Fig. i>l.]. Colors—Clay-yellow. surface (Fig. 60, e). lu the upper end of these chambers the pupas would bo found awaiting their approachiug time of change (Fig. 60 c). They would then back down to below the level of tlie earth, as at d, and issuing forth from the orifice, would attach themselves to the first ob- ject at hand and undergo their transformations in the usual ; Mr. Kathvon kindly furnished us with one of these elevated chamb- ers, from which the above drawings were taken. It measured about four inches in length, with a diameter on the inside of five-eighths of an inch) and on the outside of about one and a quarter inches. It was slightly bent at the top and suf- ficiently hard to carry through the mail without breaking. It bore a great re^icmblance to the tube of the Mason bee, figured on p. 9 of our first number, but the inside was less smooth and covered with the imprints of the spines with which the fore legs of the builder are armed. In a field that was being ploughed, about the time of their ascent, we found that single, straight or bent chambers were the most coininon, though there were sometimes several branching near the surface from a main cliamber below, each of the branches containing a pupa. The 'same observations have been made by other parties. "When ready to transform they invariably at- tach themselves to some object, and, after tlio fly has evolved, the pupa skin is left still adher- ing, as shown at Fig. 59 b. The operation of emerging from the pupa most generally takes place between the hours of 6 and 9 r. m. ; and ten minutes after the pupa skin bursts on tlie back the Cicada will have entirely freed itself from it. Immediately after leaving the pupa
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1860, booksubjectentomology, bookyear1
