. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . lar weakness. On the other hand, if the cleavageplanes of the adjacent crystals are inclined at considerable angles to one anotherthe bar would be less liable to break than one in which the crystals were arrangedsymmetrically. Figs. 191 and 192 will make this clear. The dotted lines ab,Fig. 191, represent the cleavage planes across a sheet of iron when the crj^stalsare arranged symmetrically, while in Fig. 192 the crystals are arranged in anirregular manner. The
. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . lar weakness. On the other hand, if the cleavageplanes of the adjacent crystals are inclined at considerable angles to one anotherthe bar would be less liable to break than one in which the crystals were arrangedsymmetrically. Figs. 191 and 192 will make this clear. The dotted lines ab,Fig. 191, represent the cleavage planes across a sheet of iron when the crj^stalsare arranged symmetrically, while in Fig. 192 the crystals are arranged in anirregular manner. The cleavage planes of Fig. 191 run along parallel lines,and the sheet would, therefore, be more liable to rupture than the sheet shownin Fig. 192, where the lines of weakness are not in the same direction, and thisin spite of the fact that Fig. 191 has a finer grain. Other things being equal, a fine-grained structure is stronger and tougherthan a coarse-grained piece. Figs. 191 and 192 show that this order of thingsmay be reversed. Fortunately, the crystals of one steel do not generally growsymmetrically. STRENGTH OF THE RAIL 273.
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