A text-book of first aid and emergency treatment . ninhabited sea islands and in the cold regions of thenorth they are very rare. Fig. 33.—Microscopic appearance of staphylococci. Magnified 1100diameters. (Park and Williams.) In the European War the battles were fought in the fieldsof northern France. The highly cultivated earth was simplyloaded with bacteria, many of which were of the pathogenicvariety. The result was that almost every wound becameinfected. In the Boer War the fighting was largely confinedto the virgin territory in South Africa containing very fewpathogenic bacteria. Conseque
A text-book of first aid and emergency treatment . ninhabited sea islands and in the cold regions of thenorth they are very rare. Fig. 33.—Microscopic appearance of staphylococci. Magnified 1100diameters. (Park and Williams.) In the European War the battles were fought in the fieldsof northern France. The highly cultivated earth was simplyloaded with bacteria, many of which were of the pathogenicvariety. The result was that almost every wound becameinfected. In the Boer War the fighting was largely confinedto the virgin territory in South Africa containing very fewpathogenic bacteria. Consequently infected wounds wereless common in the Boer War. Bacteria are divided into two main groups; the bacilli, orrod-shaped bacteria; and the cocci, or round bacteria. Thecocci are further divided into: (1) Streptococci, which grow 76 WOUNDS AXD WOUM) INFECTION in strings or cliains; (2) staphylococci, which grow in bunches;(o) tliplococci, which grt)W in i)airs. There arc other generalforms l)ut the above are the varieties most frequently Fig. 34.—Showing how streptococci grow in chains. Magnified 1000diameters. (Hcrzog.) INIany of the so-called infectious diseases are caused bybacilli, for example: tuberculosis, typhoid fever, and diph- « ?Qt, ^^ *• „ / ,/ T Fig. 35.—Showing diplococci Ijeiiig taken ui) and destroyed by phagocytes. (Abbott.) theria. Suppuration and woinid infection are usually causedby streptococci or staphylococci, although they may be INFECTION AND SUPPURATION 77 caused by bacilli or diplococci. Pneumonia and meninf^itisare caused by diplococci. Each variety of bacteria is again divided into diflerentsubdivisions. Thus we have tubercle bacilli, the bacillusof typhoid fever, the diphtheria bacillus, the tetanus bacil-lus, the streptococcus of erysipelas, the pneumococcus, andthe meningococcus. Some of these bacteria are specific, that is, they alwayscause the same disease. The tubercle bacillus, when it causesdisease, always causes tuberculo
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