. British bee journal & bee-keepers adviser. Bees. Aug, 16, 1917. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. 253. REVIEW. Sacbrood, by G. F. White (Department Bulletin No. 431, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, ).—The author of this bulletin is the expert engaged in the in- vestigation of bee diseases. Although the name is a new one, the disease is not new, as Dr. White says it has probably affected bees longer than history records the keep- ing of bees by man. The disease is known here as " black brood," and has gone under different other names, but ve
. British bee journal & bee-keepers adviser. Bees. Aug, 16, 1917. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. 253. REVIEW. Sacbrood, by G. F. White (Department Bulletin No. 431, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, ).—The author of this bulletin is the expert engaged in the in- vestigation of bee diseases. Although the name is a new one, the disease is not new, as Dr. White says it has probably affected bees longer than history records the keep- ing of bees by man. The disease is known here as " black brood," and has gone under different other names, but very little was known about it before 1912, when the author undertook its investigation, and after discovering its cause, and deter- mining its true nature, he used the name of " sacbrood " to designate it, the name being coined to suggest the saclike appear- ance of the dead larvae in this disease at the time they are most frequently seen by the bee-keeper. The disease, Dr. White says, is more benign than malignant, being insidious in its nature and some- what transient in its character. The number of colonies that die as a direct result of sacbrood is comparatively small; the loss of individual bees from it, how- ever, in the aggregate, is enormous. This tends naturally to weaken the colony in which the disease is present—a fact of great economic importance. Dr. White began the study of such dead brood as far back as 1902. After examining samples labelled t; pickled brood "—the term frequently used in America to designate this disease as differing from foul brood—he found them to be free from micro-organisms. Dr. Burri, in Switzerland in 1906, had also diagnosed such brood as " dead brood free from bacteria," which was confirmed by Dr. Kiirsteiner in 1910. In 1913 a cir- cular was issued by the Department of Agriculture, as a preliminary paper by Dr. White, which we reviewed on page 91 of , for 1913. The present bulletin is an amplific
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