. Teachers' manual for the Prang course in drawing for graded schools, books 1-6 . construction lines on a sheet of prac-tice paper; then, using these as guides in judging where the curves ought to beginand end, draw the curves themselves. Have this done at first in light lines, wholecurves being drawn in single sweeps without stopping to patch up the line; if theresult is unsatisfactory pupils may try again until the essential character of the curvehas been caught and expressed. The construction lines and the incorrect curvedlines may then be erased and the satisfactory outline finished in a


. Teachers' manual for the Prang course in drawing for graded schools, books 1-6 . construction lines on a sheet of prac-tice paper; then, using these as guides in judging where the curves ought to beginand end, draw the curves themselves. Have this done at first in light lines, wholecurves being drawn in single sweeps without stopping to patch up the line; if theresult is unsatisfactory pupils may try again until the essential character of the curvehas been caught and expressed. The construction lines and the incorrect curvedlines may then be erased and the satisfactory outline finished in a clear even gray. A second attempt, on the drawing-book page, should produce better results thanthe first experiment. EXERCISE XVI. Representation. Object Drawing. Grouping. Recall what has been said of the general principles of artistic grouping in con-nection v/ith previous exercises. See pages 24 and 55 of this manual. Drawing-book II gives special opportunities and suggestions for the study of thehemisphere. It will be well to include one or more hemispherical objects in the. group arranged for page 16. Apples or oranges are almost always obtainable, andthese with a dish of some sort, e. g., a small china plate, may make a very beautifuland interesting sketch. If two apples are grouped with each plate, one whole andthe other cut in halves, a pleasing variety can be obtained from this very simple 76 TEACHER S MANUAL. [book ii. material. Try to have the groups look natural and attractive, neither stiff and set inarrangement nor >et showing any fantastic attempts at odd positions for the objects. If a plate forms part of the group, its outline will need careful study. Unlessthe observer looks directly down upon it, it cannot appear circular, but must appearelliptical, the ellipse being wider or narrower according to the angle at which the plateis seen. A better outline will probably be secured if the whole ellipse is first sketchedin very light lines, the invisible portions


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