. The encyclopedia of practical horticulture; a reference system of commercial horticulture, covering the practical and scientific phases of horticulture, with special reference to fruits and vegetables;. Gardening; Fruit-culture; Vegetable gardening. PEAR DISEASES 1635 tions through water-sprouts and low fruit spurs. Water-sprouts coining up from the root system, even at some distance from the base of the tree, have caused fatal infections. Fruit spurs, when lo- cated on the body or main forks and be- coming infected, soon introduce the germs into the thick, fleshy bark, which carries much of
. The encyclopedia of practical horticulture; a reference system of commercial horticulture, covering the practical and scientific phases of horticulture, with special reference to fruits and vegetables;. Gardening; Fruit-culture; Vegetable gardening. PEAR DISEASES 1635 tions through water-sprouts and low fruit spurs. Water-sprouts coining up from the root system, even at some distance from the base of the tree, have caused fatal infections. Fruit spurs, when lo- cated on the body or main forks and be- coming infected, soon introduce the germs into the thick, fleshy bark, which carries much of the sap, and destruction is very rapid" if the tree is growing rap- idly and if it happens to be a very sus- ceptible variety. Water-sprouts from the French stocks on which the majority of our commercial varieties are grafted are very susceptible and should be removed with the greatest care. It needs no argu- ment, therefore, to state that the re- moval of water-sprouts and fruit spurs well up on the limbs is an important subsidiary practice in the control of pear blight. Much of the cutting of water- sprouts is done by farm hands, who re- move them so as to leave a stub an inch or so long. The result is that several water-sprouts come from the same place the next year. Water-sprouts should always be cut out as far in as the wood, and a gouge or sharp saw, although pro- ducing a larger cut surface, effectually removes the spur for all time. Heavy pruning back of the tops of the trees, as generally practiced throughout the Coast as a means to secure heavy fruit yields, encourages the pushing of these water- sprouts so that the problem is really an important one. Crown galls, which may be found on any part of the root system or the body and branches of a tree, should always be removed when found. The Spitzenburg is very susceptible to crown gall, and it is not infrequent to find numerous galls on the body and limbs. The peculiar nature of these crown galls is such that pear
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