. Round about the North pole . l with chinks in the lip,the glacier being viscous matter within it. As more ispoured in, the matter runs over the edges, taking thelines of the chinks, that is, of the fiords and valleys, asthat of its outflow. In other words, the ice floats outby force of the superincumbent weight of snow just asdoes the grain on the floor of a barn when anothersackful is shot on to the top of the heap already the glacier reaches the sea it makes its way alongthe bottom under water for a considerable distance, insome cases, as near Avigait, for more than a mile. This
. Round about the North pole . l with chinks in the lip,the glacier being viscous matter within it. As more ispoured in, the matter runs over the edges, taking thelines of the chinks, that is, of the fiords and valleys, asthat of its outflow. In other words, the ice floats outby force of the superincumbent weight of snow just asdoes the grain on the floor of a barn when anothersackful is shot on to the top of the heap already the glacier reaches the sea it makes its way alongthe bottom under water for a considerable distance, insome cases, as near Avigait, for more than a mile. Thisis where the water is too shallow for it to affect themass, which forms a breakwater; though as a rule theshore deepens more suddenly and the projection is was long supposed that the berg broke from theglacier by force of gravity, but this is not generally berg is forced off from the parent glacier by thebuoyant action of the sea from beneath ; the ice groansand creaks; then there is a crashing, then a roar like. DIATOMS AND WHALES 265 the discharge of artillery; and with a great regurgitationof the waves the iceberg is launched into life. Thesehuge floating islands of ice are the most conspicuousexports of Greenland ; and their true magnitude is notrealised until it is remembered that only about aneighth of their bulk appears above the water. Bergs aslarge as liners we frequently hear of—one such is shownin our illustration—but sometimes they are of muchgreater freeboard, though the very large ones reportedas extending along the horizon are invariably groups ofseveral crowded together. Ancyhnema has evidently plenty to do. Anotherinstance of the important part played by the insignificantin these regions is suggested by the colour of the varies from ultramarine blue to olive-green, fromthe purest transparency to striking opacity; and thechanges are not transitory but permanent. Thesepatches of dark water abound with diatoms, while thebluer the water
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