. Surgery, its principles and practice . Fig. 168.—The Bransford Lewis Operative Cystoscope and Appurtenances Pertaining Thereto. dilators, forceps, etc., a perforated window is used instead of the plain one,which permits the operator to manipulate while within the direct fieldof his vision, and also to maintain sufficient air in the bladder for dis-tention (this with continued attention from the assistant). Catheteriza-tion and sounding are effectedthrough the conducting tubethat passes through the per-forated window, in this instru-ment. Difficulties and to cystoscopy and cathe
. Surgery, its principles and practice . Fig. 168.—The Bransford Lewis Operative Cystoscope and Appurtenances Pertaining Thereto. dilators, forceps, etc., a perforated window is used instead of the plain one,which permits the operator to manipulate while within the direct fieldof his vision, and also to maintain sufficient air in the bladder for dis-tention (this with continued attention from the assistant). Catheteriza-tion and sounding are effectedthrough the conducting tubethat passes through the per-forated window, in this instru-ment. Difficulties and to cystoscopy and cathe-terization of the ureters aremany and are sometimes dis-couraging. The proceduresare of a delicate nature, re-quiring much practice andadaptibility to that kind ofwork. Considerable assist-ance may be derived frompractice with a phantom orimitation bladder (Fig. 169).Of the difficulties met with, those coming from insufficient anesthesiaare probably the most frequent, consisting of bladder contractions andresistance, and manifestatio
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