. Food habits of the grosbeaks . es eats hairy an4 spiny caterpillarsas readily ones, and the idea so oftenadvanced that such hairy atmature is effectiveprotection against the attack of birds receives little support from thefood habits of the grosbeaks. Tussock and gipsy moths and bothof the tent caterpillars are devoured, though vei;y hairy. The «Mass. State Bd. Agr. Rep. (1900), 1901, p. 315. N. H. Exp. Sta. Bull. 75, 1900, p. 121. 0 Forbush, E. H., and iernald, C. H., The Gipsy Moth, 1896, p. 219. * Forbush, E. H., Mass. State Bd. Agr. Rep. (1900), ]901, p. 313. Forbush, E. H., Ma
. Food habits of the grosbeaks . es eats hairy an4 spiny caterpillarsas readily ones, and the idea so oftenadvanced that such hairy atmature is effectiveprotection against the attack of birds receives little support from thefood habits of the grosbeaks. Tussock and gipsy moths and bothof the tent caterpillars are devoured, though vei;y hairy. The «Mass. State Bd. Agr. Rep. (1900), 1901, p. 315. N. H. Exp. Sta. Bull. 75, 1900, p. 121. 0 Forbush, E. H., and iernald, C. H., The Gipsy Moth, 1896, p. 219. * Forbush, E. H., Mass. State Bd. Agr. Rep. (1900), ]901, p. 313. Forbush, E. H., Mass. State Bd. Agr. Rep,, 1899, p. 322. I Fig. 28.— Army worm{HeUophila vnipuncta).(Iirom Chittenden, Bu-reau of Entomology.) 52 FOOD HABITS OP THE GROSBEAKS. browntail, the hairs of which so irritate human flesh, also is eagerlyeaten, and other caterpillars clothed with spines were found in thestomachs examined. In several gizzards,- indeed, a mass of branchingcaterpillar spines was all that remained to show the nature of the. Fig. 29.—Orchard • tent-caterpillar (Malacosoma americana). Entomology.) (From Riley, Bureau of food. Itds evident that neither hairs nor even pricking, stingingspines are adequate to protect a caterpillar from a hungry Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, and Lepidoptera, which havebeen discussed in the order named, but one group of insects of impor-tance in the dietary ofthe rosebreast remains,that of true bugs(Hemiptera), includ-ing the stink bugs,tree hoppers, plant lice,and scale insects. Fromthis miscellaneous as-semblage the grosbeakselects per cent ofits food, and two-thirds of this amount consists of the minute pests known as scaleinsects. From an economic standpoint also the latter are of great-est importance, as they rank anuong the worst enemies of agriculturein the United States. Orchards, both of the deciduous and citrus
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