. Industrial history of the United States, from the earliest settlements to the present time: being a complete survey of American industries, embracing agriculture and horticulture; including the cultivation of cotton, tobacco, wheat; the raising of horses, neat-cattle, etc.; all the important manufactures, shipping and fisheries, railroads, mines and mining, and oil; also a history of the coal-miners and the Molly Maguires; banks, insurance, and commerce; trade-unions, strikes, and eight-hour movement; together with a description of Canadian industries . ch, and had much to do with the sensa-
. Industrial history of the United States, from the earliest settlements to the present time: being a complete survey of American industries, embracing agriculture and horticulture; including the cultivation of cotton, tobacco, wheat; the raising of horses, neat-cattle, etc.; all the important manufactures, shipping and fisheries, railroads, mines and mining, and oil; also a history of the coal-miners and the Molly Maguires; banks, insurance, and commerce; trade-unions, strikes, and eight-hour movement; together with a description of Canadian industries . ch, and had much to do with the sensa-tion of that period. It now remains to consider the progress made by the copper-mining indus-try of the country as a whole for the past few years, and note in what otherregions besides this the business is carried on. As we have already remarked, the United States produced but fifty tons ofcopper in 1830, a hundred in 1840, and six hundred and fifty in 1850. Duringthe two decades thus included, the product of the whole world had Statistics re_increased from 25,500 to 54,700 tons. In 1853 we produced 2,000 latingtoout of the whole 55,700 tons. Our product for 1866 was 10,790 Productlon-tons. The census-returns for 1870 put the total value of our copper-productat $5,201,312, which, at $400 a ton, makes about 13,000 tons; which is, per-haps, an under-estimate as to quantity. Dr. Raymond estimates that thecopper-product of the country in 1875 was 15,625 tons. In 1870 the censusaccredited four-fifths of the whole countrys yield to Michigan; and, of the. 702 INDUSTRIAL HISTORY three counties that monopolized that States supply, — Houghton, Keweenaw,and Ontonagon, —the first-named produced three-quarters of it. It should be noted in this connection, that competition with the Lake-Superior region of America has seriously cut down the British production. Atthe close of the last century, and from that time to 1865, Great Britain wasthe greatest producer of copper in the world. In 186
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