Life and work in India; an account of the conditions, methods, difficulties, results, future prospects and reflex influence of missionary labor in India, especially in the Punjab mission of the United Presbyterian Church of North America . nts may be seen the wheeled conveyancesof the party ; while horses and camels (and cows, too, if there be any)are tethered, or tied, at a convenient distance. One or more campfires also enliven the scene and are made useful for warming and cook-ing purposes. At night particularly the scene appears weird and picturesque—cooks preparing meals over their chidha
Life and work in India; an account of the conditions, methods, difficulties, results, future prospects and reflex influence of missionary labor in India, especially in the Punjab mission of the United Presbyterian Church of North America . nts may be seen the wheeled conveyancesof the party ; while horses and camels (and cows, too, if there be any)are tethered, or tied, at a convenient distance. One or more campfires also enliven the scene and are made useful for warming and cook-ing purposes. At night particularly the scene appears weird and picturesque—cooks preparing meals over their chidhas (little fireplaces, made of mud VILLAGE OFFICERS 189 or a few bricks), men warming themselves at tlie open fires, lampsswinging before the tents, watchmen pacing backward and forward,servants and helpers flitting hither and thither, horses blanketed, camelsmunching green fodder, or put to bed side by side with blanketsthrown over the tops of their saddles, the stars shining overheadand perhaps the moon pouring down its pale light—one is re-minded more of the state than of the church militant. Every village of any size has at least two officers—a headman, calleda lambardar,* and a watchman, called a chaukidar. Application is. BLUE HERONS. often made to the former for fuel, grass, horse-feed and certain kindsof provisions—such as eggs, milk, fowls, meat and perhaps rice, dal(lentils), turnips and onions ; and, when at all friendlv, these hefurnishes, if he can, through an order given to some of his course they are paid for. The chaukidar is also expected to seethat no harm comes to the encampment from theft or assault, andsometimes a special night watchman is employed from the village asan additional security against damage. This throws the responsibility * Some towns are large enough to have several lambaidars, one of whom ranksthe others and is called an ala-lavibardar. 190 LIFE AND WORK IN INDIA where it will do the most good, and paves the way for a quick
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