Anthropology; an introduction to the study of man and civilization . hority, and is laid on the table duringthe sitting of Parliament or the Royal Society, Whilethe club has been generally a weapon, the hammer hasbeen generally an implement. Its history begins withthe smooth heavy pebble held in the hand, such asAfrican blacksmiths to this day forge their iron with, onanother smooth stone as anvil. It was a great improve-ment to fasten the stone hammer on a handle ^ this was^ VIII.] ARTS OF LIFE. 185 done in very ancient times, as is seen by the stone headsbeing grooved or bored on purpose (s^
Anthropology; an introduction to the study of man and civilization . hority, and is laid on the table duringthe sitting of Parliament or the Royal Society, Whilethe club has been generally a weapon, the hammer hasbeen generally an implement. Its history begins withthe smooth heavy pebble held in the hand, such asAfrican blacksmiths to this day forge their iron with, onanother smooth stone as anvil. It was a great improve-ment to fasten the stone hammer on a handle ^ this was^ VIII.] ARTS OF LIFE. 185 done in very ancient times, as is seen by the stone headsbeing grooved or bored on purpose (s^e Fig. 54/). Thoughthe iron hammer has superseded these, a trace of the oldeiuse of stone remains in our very name hajiimer^ which is theold Scandinavian hatna7-r, meaning both rock and beating we come to hacking and cutting. At theearliest times known of mans life on the earth, his pointedand edged instruments of sharp stone are among his chiefrelics. Even in the mammoth-period he had alreadylearnt not to be content with accidental chips of flint, but. Fig. 52.— core and flakes (Evans), knew how to knock off two-edged flakes. This art of flakingflint or other suitable stones is the foundation of stone-implement making. Perhaps the best idea of it may begained from the Suffolk gunflint makers w^ho at this daycarry on the primaeval craft, though with better tools andfor so different a purpose. Fig. 52 shows a gunflint makerscore of flint, with the flakes replaced Avhere he has knockedthem off, and the mark of the blow is seen which broughtaway each flake. The flakes made by Stone Age men for 186 ANTHROPOLCGY. [chap. instruments may be three-sided like the Australian flakein Fig. 53 ^- But the more convenient flat-backed shapea, c, has been used from the earliest known times. Theflint core, Fig. 54/, with the flakes e taken from it, showshow by previous flaking or trimming it was prepared forthe new flake to come olT \vith a suitable back. The fines
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectcivilization, bookyea
