Monuments of the early church . at took this as the model for the church which he builtin Milan in 382 (originally dedicated to the Apostles, after-ward to S. Nazarius); and if so, it is only another instanceof the influence which famous memorial churches had uponthe congregational church, in spite of their unsuitableness forthis use. S. Nazario Grande at Milan was entirely rebuilt inthe eleventh century, though it retains, with modifications, thecross form. S. Nazario e Celso at Ravenna, the mausoleum THE CENTRAL TYPE—Cross-shaped Plan 149 of Galla Placidia (Figs. 49, 50), though of
Monuments of the early church . at took this as the model for the church which he builtin Milan in 382 (originally dedicated to the Apostles, after-ward to S. Nazarius); and if so, it is only another instanceof the influence which famous memorial churches had uponthe congregational church, in spite of their unsuitableness forthis use. S. Nazario Grande at Milan was entirely rebuilt inthe eleventh century, though it retains, with modifications, thecross form. S. Nazario e Celso at Ravenna, the mausoleum THE CENTRAL TYPE—Cross-shaped Plan 149 of Galla Placidia (Figs. 49, 50), though of much smaller di-mensions, is of the same type as the great church of The four vaulted arms are connected at the centreby a dome. The construction is poor, but the mosaic decora-tion is of the richest. This chapel originally stood in connec-tion with a greater church — likewise cross-shaped — whichwas dedicated to the Holy Cross. S. Arculphus gives a planof a cross-shaped church surrounding the well of Jacob in. Fig. 50. — , Ravenna. Fifth century. Samaria. Finally, it may be mentioned that there are severalbaptisteries of this shape. The Greek cross as it appears in Byzantine architecturetakes a very different form : it is much less accentuated — thatis, the four arms have less longitudinal extension in propor-tion to their breadth — and the angles which remain are par-tially or altogether absorbed by massively constructed roomswhich serve as buttresses to the four central pillars. Withinand without, the building was thus compacted into the unityof a single hall. Different as this scheme is, it was not only potently influ- 150 ABCIIITECTURE enced, but esseotially conditioned, by the less organic typewhich has been described above. An ostensible proof of thisinfluence lies in the fact that Justinian, in rebuilding the Con-stantinian church of the Apostles, in Byzantine style, adheredto the form of the cross plan.^ But before considering t
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectchristi, bookyear1901
