A brief history of the nations and of their progress in civilization . e warfare upon images was begunby Leo III., the Isaurian (717-741), a rough soldier Avith noappreciation of art, who issued an edict against them. Theparty of Iconoclasts, or Image Breakers, had numerousadherents; and the opposite party, styled Image Worship-ers, who had a powerful support from the monks in theconvents, were ardent and inflexible in resisting the imperialmeasures. Neither the remonstrances of John of Damascus, 224 EASTERN EMPIRE the last of the Greek Fathers, nor of the Roman bishop, madeany impression on L
A brief history of the nations and of their progress in civilization . e warfare upon images was begunby Leo III., the Isaurian (717-741), a rough soldier Avith noappreciation of art, who issued an edict against them. Theparty of Iconoclasts, or Image Breakers, had numerousadherents; and the opposite party, styled Image Worship-ers, who had a powerful support from the monks in theconvents, were ardent and inflexible in resisting the imperialmeasures. Neither the remonstrances of John of Damascus, 224 EASTERN EMPIRE the last of the Greek Fathers, nor of the Roman bishop, madeany impression on Leo. The agitation spread far and emperors followed in his path. At length, how-ever, the Empress Irene (780-802) restored the use of imagesin church worship; and in 842 the Empress Theodora finallyconfirmed this act. In the controversy religious motives wereactive, but they were mingled on both sides with political con-siderations. The alienation of feeling on the part of theRoman bishops was one cause of the separation of Italy fromthe Greek Garb of a Bishop CHAPTER XXXVI MOHAMMEDANISM AND THE ARABIC CONQUESTS Condition of Arabia. — We have now to describe the rise of anew religion, and with it of a new conquering nation of theSemitic stock. The Arabs of the sixth century had all the virtues andvices of the half-savage state—its revenge and its rapacity, itshospitality and its bounty. The religion of the Arabs waspolytheism, but all agreed in acknowledging one supreme God,Allah, and once in each year the tribes gathered at Meccafor their devotions. At the time when Mohammed was born(probably in 572) the religion of the Arabs had sunk intoidolatry or indifference. Career of Mohammed. — Mohammed in his youth tended sheepand gathered wild berries in the desert. In his twenty-fifthyear he became the commercial agent for a widow, Khadija,whom he ultimately married. In her interest he made jour-neys into • Palestine and Syria, where he may have recei
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