. Botany for young people and common schools. How plants grow, a simple introduction to structural botany. With a popular flora, or an arrangement and description of common plants, both wild and cultivated. Botany. 44 IIOAV PLANTS GROW. in a QuincG-Ienf: 5, the blade; p, the footstalk ; and st, the stipules, looking like a pair of little blades, one on each side of the stalk. But many leaves have no stipules ; many have no footstalk, and then the blade sits directly on the stem (or is sessile), as in Fig. 138. Some leaves even have no blade; but this is uncommon*, for in foliage tlie blade is
. Botany for young people and common schools. How plants grow, a simple introduction to structural botany. With a popular flora, or an arrangement and description of common plants, both wild and cultivated. Botany. 44 IIOAV PLANTS GROW. in a QuincG-Ienf: 5, the blade; p, the footstalk ; and st, the stipules, looking like a pair of little blades, one on each side of the stalk. But many leaves have no stipules ; many have no footstalk, and then the blade sits directly on the stem (or is sessile), as in Fig. 138. Some leaves even have no blade; but this is uncommon*, for in foliage tlie blade is the essential part. There- fore, in describing the sliape of leaves, it is always the blade that is meant, unless something is said to the contrarv. 121. Leaves are either simple or compoiind. They are simple when the blade is all of one piece ; com- pound, wlien of more than one piece or blade. Fig. 128 to 132, and 133, are examples of compound leaves, the latter very compound, having as many as eighty- one little blades. 122. Their structure and Ycluing. Leaves are com- posed of the same two kinds of material as stems (110), namel}', of wood or fibre, and of cellular tissue. The woody or fibrous part makes a framework of ribs and veins, which gives the leaf more strength and touijhness than it would otherwise have. The cellu- lar tissue forms the green pidp of the leaf. This is spread, as it were, over the framework, both above and below, and supported by it; and tlie whole is protected by a transparent skin, which is termed the Epidermis. 123. Ribs, The stouter pieces or timbers of the framework are called Rihs. In the leaf of the Quince (Fig. 82), Pear, Oak (Fig. 120), &c. there is only a single main rib, running directly through tlie middle of the blade from base to point; this is called the Midrib. But in the Mallow, the Linden (Fig. 83), the Maple (Fig. 84), and many others, there are three, or five, or seven ribs of nearly the same size. The branches of the ribs and
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