Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . operly wedged to the head. Manipulation of the Hammer,—The operations performed by the hammer may be classified ass 1,driving ; 2, bending; 3, stretching or expanding. The first two are comparatively rude operations,but in the last named the exercise of unusual skill and judgment is required. When stretching bymeans of the hammer is resorted to for the purpose of altering the form of work to bring it to arequired form, regardless of straightness and flatness, it is termed pening, or so
Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . operly wedged to the head. Manipulation of the Hammer,—The operations performed by the hammer may be classified ass 1,driving ; 2, bending; 3, stretching or expanding. The first two are comparatively rude operations,but in the last named the exercise of unusual skill and judgment is required. When stretching bymeans of the hammer is resorted to for the purpose of altering the form of work to bring it to arequired form, regardless of straightness and flatness, it is termed pening, or sometimes pan-ing ; when flatness or truth is the end sought, the operation is termed straightening. In pening,very light strokes are given, so as to cause the effects of the blows to remain at or near the surfaceof the metal. But in straightening, heavier blows are delivered, and the effects penetrate the workcorrespondingly to a greater depth. The principle involved in the operation of pening is that ofstretching the surface receiving the blows, which causes the pened Burface to lift above the plane of. 2249. 2250.
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