The British nation a history / by George MWrong . eas as well as commoditiesTt buiidin of circulate when men move readily from onegood roads and place to another, and the last half of the cen-oanais. ^^^^ g^^ great improvements. General Wade showed how important were roads when, after the risingof 1715 in Scotland, he built military roads across the Highlands, which helped toend disorder by making possi-ble the rapid concentration oftroops. Before 1800 manyhighways were built in Eng-land, and to meet the cost ofkeeping them up tolls werecharged. The era of the rail-way had not yet come, but th
The British nation a history / by George MWrong . eas as well as commoditiesTt buiidin of circulate when men move readily from onegood roads and place to another, and the last half of the cen-oanais. ^^^^ g^^ great improvements. General Wade showed how important were roads when, after the risingof 1715 in Scotland, he built military roads across the Highlands, which helped toend disorder by making possi-ble the rapid concentration oftroops. Before 1800 manyhighways were built in Eng-land, and to meet the cost ofkeeping them up tolls werecharged. The era of the rail-way had not yet come, but thatof the canal had begun. TheDuke of Bridge waters engi-neer, James Brindley, planneda canal from the dukes coal-pits at Worsley to project which it involvedof crossing the Irwell by a high level aqueduct was ridi-culed, but the canal was completed in 1761; the price ofcoal in Manchester quickly fell by one-half, and soon anetwork of canals existed in England that brought remoteplaces within reach of cheap water communication, and. James Brindley (1716-1772). SOCIETY IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 477 made it easy to carry the heaviest articles to all parts ofthe kingdom. About the middle of the century to travelbecame fashionable in England, and improvements in Eng-lish life may be traced in part to the wider observation thattravel involved. No continental state had as much per-sonal liberty as was enjoyed in England, but France and-Holland in particular had got rid of many barbarities thatEngland still retained. Travelling was not easy. Shipshad sometimes to wait for days, or even Aveeks, for a favour-able wind. There were few quays for landing, and passen-gers were often lowered into open boats miles from most marked changes of the last half of the cen-tury were in agriculture and in manufacturing industry. The improvements in agriculture were mo-Villageagriculture. mentous. In the reign of Elizabeth sheep farming was very profitable, and single land-owne
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