. Introduction to botany. Botany. 52 INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY saprophytes have fungi growing upon their roots in such ways as to assist in securing food. These are called symbiotic sapro- phytes. The Indian pipe (^Monotropa) often has these root fungi (mycorrhiza). Partial saprophytes, among flowering plants, are not easily recognized by their form and color, but may be known by their inability to flourish without considerable humus in the soil. 52. Parasites. The dodders are the most familiar flower- ing parasites. One of the commonest species is abundant in the central and north- eastern state
. Introduction to botany. Botany. 52 INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY saprophytes have fungi growing upon their roots in such ways as to assist in securing food. These are called symbiotic sapro- phytes. The Indian pipe (^Monotropa) often has these root fungi (mycorrhiza). Partial saprophytes, among flowering plants, are not easily recognized by their form and color, but may be known by their inability to flourish without considerable humus in the soil. 52. Parasites. The dodders are the most familiar flower- ing parasites. One of the commonest species is abundant in the central and north- eastern states, its thread- like, golden-yellow stems forming great tangled masses on many kinds of plants, as clover, golden- rods, and willows, that grow in damp places. The dodders (fig. 34) and some root parasites, such as the , squaw- root, and cancer-root, are complete parasites and have no green foliage. Other plants, such as the mistle- toe (fig. 35), have green leaves and do photosynthetic work, but depend on the host for water and the mineral substances dissolved in it. Such plants are called partial parasites. 53. Damage inflicted by parasites. J\Iany parasites take so mucli water and plant food from the host that they may cause serious injury to cultivated plants and to forest trees. The flax dodder and the clover dodder often do great damage to crops in this country and in Europe, and another species ^ is sometimes troublesome in fields of alfalfa. In the south- western states the American mistletoe is so injurious to dicoty- ledonous trees that it is often necessary to cut it away from 1 Cusruta 35. Mistletoe growing upon a branch of an apple tree After Bonnier and Sablon. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bergen, Joseph Y. (Joseph Young), 1851-1917; Caldwell, Otis Willia
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