A dictionary of Greek and Roman . ssages in which it occurs (Virg. 105, Georg. iii. 355 ; Ovid, Metam. viii. 750 ;Hor. Epod. iv. 8) there is nothing to determine itslength, except, perhaps, in the last quoted passage,where, however, we may easily suppose the exag-geration of caricature. Servius, however, in hisnote on the first of these passages, says that it wasthe space between the outstretched hands, that is,the same as the Greek bpyvia of six feet ; and thisis evidently its meaning in Pliny { xvi. 76, 32. s. 57), where it is important to observethat crassit
A dictionary of Greek and Roman . ssages in which it occurs (Virg. 105, Georg. iii. 355 ; Ovid, Metam. viii. 750 ;Hor. Epod. iv. 8) there is nothing to determine itslength, except, perhaps, in the last quoted passage,where, however, we may easily suppose the exag-geration of caricature. Servius, however, in hisnote on the first of these passages, says that it wasthe space between the outstretched hands, that is,the same as the Greek bpyvia of six feet ; and thisis evidently its meaning in Pliny { xvi. 76, 32. s. 57), where it is important to observethat crassitudo refers to the circumference of thetrunk, not to its diameter. Later writers use itas equivalent to the cubit or a modification of it,and hence the modem ell. (Pollux, ii. 140 ; ) [P. S.] ULTROTRIBUTA. [Censor, p. 265, a.] UMBELLA. [Umbkaculum.] UMBFLICUS. [Liber.] UMBO. [Clipeus ; Toga, p. 1136, b.] UMBRACULUM, UMBELLA (aKidSttov,(TKiafiiov, aKiadicrKTi) a parasol, was used by Greekand Roman ladies as a protection against the They seem not to have been carried generally bythe ladies themselves, but by female slaves whoheld them over their mistresses. The daughters UNCIA. 1213 of the aliens (/*4tolkol) at Athens had to carryparasols after the Athenian maidens at the Pana-thenaea, as is mentioned under parasols of the ancients seem to have beenexactly like our own parasols or umbrellas inform, and could be shut up and opened like ours.(Aristoph. Equit. 1348 ; Schol. ad he; Ovid. ii. 209.) They are often represented in paint-ings on ancient vases: the annexed woodcut istaken from Millins Peintures de Vases Antiques,vol. i. pi. 70. The female is clothed in a longChiton or Diploidion [Tunica, p. 1172, b.], andhas a small Himation, which seems to have fallenoff her shoulders. It was considered a mark of effeminacy for mento make use of parasols. (Anacreon, ap. Athen. 534, a.) The Roman ladies used them in theamphitheatre to defend the
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